Libya: Tebu group calls for stronger representation and rights in Libya’s political process

Source: APO

A group of Tebu called for greater political inclusion during a meeting Monday with Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Stephanie Koury.

The twelve-member delegation included political, legal, and tribal figures, members of social councils, women, youth, and civil society activists, reflecting the Tebu community’s active engagement in shaping the country’s future.

The Tebu group expressed concerns about the limited political representation and visibility of components within decision-making structures in Libya at the local and national levels.

“Our representation is not a privilege, it’s a basic principle of any meaningful and fair political process,” said one participant, suggesting that UNSMIL establish an active line of communication and coordination with the Tebu community.

The group emphasized the imperative of ensuring stronger representation for components in the constitutional, electoral, and institutional tracks.

“There needs to be a space for the cultural components in Libya,” said one civil society member. “We are asking the United Nations to help open the door.”

DSRSG Koury briefed them on the political roadmap announced by Special Representative of the Secretary-General Hanna Tetteh in her 21 August briefing to the Security Council.

“All cultural components should have meaningful participation in the political process,” DSRSG Koury said. “Every Libyan has a right to be part of the country’s future.”

Towards the end of the meeting, Mr. Moulai Salih spoke in the Tabawi language, highlighting the rich diversity of Libya.

She expressed a strong desire to visit again communities in the south to directly engage with the people of southern Libya, so she can hear firsthand from communities on the ground and better understand their needs and priorities.

Read more about the political roadmap here: https://unsmil.unmissions.org/political-roadmap

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

Media files

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Sudan – A New Beginning: Rebuilding Through Resilience and Kindness

Source: APO

With the support of the Government of Japan, UN Women Sudan—in partnership with the Sudanese Coalition for Education for All (SCEFA)—distributed 2,500 dignity kits and 3,275 kitchen utensil sets to displaced women and girls in Red Sea and Gedaref States. These kits not only meet urgent needs but also support women’s livelihoods and resilience.

Among the recipients is Bakhita, who has been displaced multiple times—from Khartoum to Madani and finally to Port Sudan—along with her seven family members, including a son with disabilities and a sick father. Despite these challenges, Bakhita opened a small shop at the gathering site, selling biscuits and candies. She is known for offering her products freely to neighbors and visitors, reflecting the Sudanese spirit of generosity. “Even in hardship, we welcome others. That’s who we are,” she said. The kitchen utensils she received have enabled her to expand her business and invest more in her shop, helping her support her family with pride.

Another example is Gisma, a widow who fled from Khartoum to South Sudan and then to Port Sudan, now raising four orphaned children alone—one of whom lives with a disability. Before receiving support, she was baking cookies using broken equipment, borrowed items, and plastic buckets repurposed for baking—none of which were ideal or safe. “I had proper baking tools in Khartoum, but lost everything when we fled,” she shared. Thanks to the kitchen kits, Gisma can now bake more efficiently, increase her income, and restore a sense of normalcy for her children.

Their stories reflect the power of small, well-timed support to help displaced women not only survive but rebuild their lives with courage and determination.

“These utensils are more than tools,” Bakhita said. “They gave me back my ability to provide for my family with dignity.”

“I never imagined I’d be able to bake again,” Gisma added. “But now, with this support, I can dream of growing my business.”

As Sudan continues to grapple with one of the world’s largest displacement and hunger crises, initiatives like these offer a glimmer of hope for the most affected communities. Over 7 million people are currently displaced across the country, and nearly half of Sudan’s population faces acute food insecurity. Against this backdrop, the support provided through the Japan-funded project not only meets urgent basic needs but also restores dignity and stability to women who have lost so much. By investing in community resilience, UN Women and its partners are ensuring that recovery is rooted in empowerment—and that no one is left behind.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of UN Women – Africa.

Media files

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African health leaders, partners call for greater investment in integrated Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) services

Source: APO


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African health ministers and partners are calling for increased investment in integrated health services to address the growing burden of severe noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly those affecting women and underserved populations across the region.

At a high-level side event during the Seventy-fifth session of the WHO Regional Committee for Africa, delegates emphasized the urgent need for equitable access to prevention, screening, treatment, and rehabilitation across the continuum of care for NCDs. Disparities are especially pronounced in rural areas, where health infrastructure and services remain inadequate.

Breast and cervical cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa—particularly cervical cancer, which is both preventable and treatable. It remains the most common cause of cancer death for women in the region. In 2022, Africa accounted for nearly a quarter (23%) of the 76 000 global cervical cancer deaths.

Meanwhile, severe NCDs such as Type 1 diabetes, sickle cell disease, and heart conditions claim more than half a million lives annually, including among children, adolescents, and young adults in some of the continent’s poorest communities. Inequitable access to health services continues to hinder efforts to reduce this burden.

To improve cervical and breast cancer care in the region, urgent investment is needed in leadership, governance, and financing. Strengthening these foundations is critical in the current funding landscape. Advancements in strategic planning, healthcare infrastructure, workforce training, and—most importantly—equitable access to screening, diagnostic, and treatment services are essential.

To address these challenges, WHO and its partners showcased successful integrated models such as the Women’s Integrated Care for Cancer Services (WICS), the BEAT Breast Cancer Project, and the PEN-Plus Strategy. WICS strengthens early detection, treatment, and integration of women’s cancer services into primary health care systems in Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Zimbabwe. The BEAT Breast Cancer Project is a transformative multi-year initiative aimed at reducing breast cancer mortality among women in Tanzania and Ghana through early detection, timely diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment access.

“PEN-Plus, WICS and the BEAT Breast Cancer Initiative are models for a new standard of care, rooted in equity, access and health justice. I urge countries to prioritize policies that embed these models into broader health system strengthening, said Dr Mohamed Janabi, WHO Regional Director for Africa”.

Côte d’Ivoire offers a compelling example of progress, combining high HPV vaccination coverage—reaching over three million girls (91.4%)—with WICS-supported community-based screening campaigns to strengthen cervical cancer prevention. In Kenya, cervical cancer screening has been successfully integrated into national health services.

“This gathering marks a pivotal moment to accelerate action for breast cancer prevention in Africa. We deeply value the leadership of the Ministries of Health of Ghana and Tanzania, and the steadfast support of the Pfizer Foundation in helping us achieve this milestone.   The side event builds momentum for the policy prioritization of women’s cancers, partnerships to strengthen the broader women’s cancer ecosystem, and advance a health-systems approach to breast cancer prevention and management”, said Dr Somesh Kumar, Senior Director, Jhpiego.

PEN-Plus expands access to care for severe NCDs at the district hospital level. Since its implementation, 20 countries in Africa have increased access to services for severe NCDs. Over 15 000 people are currently receiving treatment for chronic conditions such as sickle cell disease and Type 1 diabetes through PEN-Plus clinics.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of WHO Regional Office for Africa.

Chairperson of the Committee on Commissions, Statutory Authorities and State Enterprises (COSASE) stays investigation of Nakivubo channel redevelopment

Source: APO


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Five Members of Parliament from the Committee of Physical Infrastructure will carry out an oversight visit to the Nakivubo drainage channel and report back to Parliament.

The Chairperson of the Committee on Commissions, Statutory Authorities and State Enterprises (COSASE), Hon. Medard Sseggona revealed that the Speaker Anita Among had directed the Chairperson of the Committee on Physical Infrastructure to carry out the oversight visit.

Sseggona read the contents of the letter from during a meeting with officials from Kampala capital City Authority (KCCA) led by the Lord Mayor, Hon. Erias Lukwago on Tuesday, 26 August 2025.  

The KCCA leadership had sought parliamentary intervention on matters pertaining to redevelopment of the Nakivubo drainage channel in downtown Kampala.

On 18 August 2025, President Yoweri Museveni directed the Prime Minister to approve businessman Hamis Kiggundu’s plan to redevelop Nakivubo channel and support him in its implementation.

Sseggona revealed that the team is expected report on their findings within 14 days o.
“In light of those developments, it is the view of this committee that we shall not proceed with a matter that is before another committee of Parliament. We are advising the Clerk (of the committee) to ensure that matters related to this particular issue be sent to that committee,” Sseggona said.

He added that inquiries into other matters related to encroachment onto KCCA land as contained in the Auditor General’s report for the year ended December 2024 shall continue to be investigated.

A section of MPs on the committee challenged the directive.

Hon. Allan Ssewanyana (NUP, Makindye Division West) noted that committees severally work together in handling matters before them and sought to justify the intervention of COSASE on the matter of redevelopment of Nakivubo drainage channel.
“I did not hear the Speaker communicate her position in the directive to this very particular committee,” Ssewanyana added.

Mawokota North MP, Hon. Hillary Kiyaga questioned the validity of the oversight directive which Sseggona confirmed was duly authored and signed by the Speaker.

Lord Mayor Erias Lukwago who addressed the media after the meeting wondered why the process of investigation should not be allowed to continue.

The redevelopment project by Kiham Enterprises started after the directive from the President. 
The development has seen environmentalists, politicians and civil society criticize the move.

The KCCA technical wing also halted the development until formal plans for the project are submitted. 

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Parliament of the Republic of Uganda.

Empowered to Empower: Building Women Resilience amid conflict and displacement in Sudan

Source: APO


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Sudan’s ongoing crisis has displaced millions and disrupted livelihoods across the country. But through the support of the Government of Japan, a UN Women project in partnership with SCEFA is helping women reclaim their dignity—not only by offering skills training, but by empowering them to empower others. In Red Sea and Gedaref States, more than 1,000 women have participated in vocational training programmes, learning tailoring, soap making, and more. The impact, however, has extended far beyond these numbers. The programme’s unique approach of engaging female trainers—many of whom are also affected by displacement—has created a cycle of strength and transformation.

Huda, the tailoring trainer in Red Sea State, who had been displaced by the conflict and is now living in the largest camp in the region, spoke about how becoming a trainer changed her life. “Everything changed for me when I was trusted to train others,” she said. “I found light in my life again.” Despite her years of experience in tailoring, displacement left her without a place to work or means to earn a living. Now, not only does she train others, but she also operates a small tailoring station in the site, guiding former trainees who continue to seek her advice. Her station has become a symbol of resilience, and she is now one of the most trusted tailors in the area. “When you’re given a chance to rise, you want to lift others with you,” she reflected.

In Gedaref State, Mona, who  fled Khartoum with her family used her passion for local products to train others in soap and detergent production. Self-taught and deeply committed to community-led solutions, she helped women use local ingredients to create sustainable alternatives to imported goods. “At first, I was nervous,” she admitted. “I wasn’t sure if I could handle the responsibility, especially in a new environment. But every day, I saw the excitement of the women, and it gave me confidence.” She now continues to mentor some of the participants and hopes to expand the training to reach more displaced women.

For both trainers, the opportunity to lead was transformative—not just for the participants but for themselves. “This is more than work,” Mona said. “We are building something that can last—if we continue to support each other.”

Their stories are a testament to how women can be empowered by empowering others. By transforming trainers into leaders and learners into changemakers, the project has nurtured a sense of ownership and long-term sustainability. As Huda concluded: “We were displaced, but we are not defeated. We will never give up.”

As the conflict in Sudan persists, the country is facing one of the most severe food security emergencies globally. According to the latest reports, over 24 million people are acutely food insecure, and more than 638,000 are experiencing extreme levels of hunger, with insufficient access to food for survival. Amid this crisis, the livelihoods component of the UN Women project—supported by the Government of Japan—offers a vital lifeline. By equipping women with income-generating skills and support networks, the programme not only enhances resilience and self-reliance but also plays a critical role in mitigating the worst impacts of Sudan’s deteriorating food situation.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of UN Women – Africa.

Egypt: President El-Sisi Meets Lebanese Prime Minister

Source: APO


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Today, President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi received Prime Minister of Lebanon Nawaf Salam. The meeting was attended by Prime Minister Dr. Moustafa Madbouly, Minister of Planning, Economic Development, and International Cooperation Rania Al-Mashat, Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy Dr. Mahmoud Esmat, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Emigration and Egyptian Expatriates, Dr. Badr Abdel-Atty, as well as the two countries’ ambassadors.

The Spokesman for the Presidency, Ambassador Mohamed El-Shennawy, said President El-Sisi welcomed Lebanon’s Prime Minister on his first visit to Egypt since assuming the premiership. The President lauded the positive steps taken by the Lebanese government in recent months to restore the regularity of state institutions and extend its authority over all Lebanese territory. President El-Sisi also emphasized Egypt’s full support for the Lebanese state’s efforts to restore stability and launch the process of economic recovery and reconstruction. The President stressed the vital need for the Lebanese state to continue exerting all necessary efforts to ensure that Lebanon’s stability, internal security, and national unity are not compromised.

President El-Sisi affirmed Egypt’s unwavering position in support of Lebanon’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. The President noted Egypt’s ongoing intensive contacts with various international and regional parties, with the aim of ensuring Lebanon’s stability and the full Israeli withdrawal from the south of Lebanon. This is in addition to the importance of the international community’s support for the Lebanese state institutions, mainly the army, to enable it to perform its assigned national duties.

The Lebanese prime minister expressed his deep appreciation for the President for the great support Egypt provides to Lebanon, which reflects the deep historical ties between the two countries and peoples. He reviewed his government’s priorities for the next phase, mainly strengthening cooperation and integration ties with Arab countries, especially Egypt, noting the ongoing efforts to hold the 10th session of the Egyptian-Lebanese Higher Joint Committee, scheduled to be held in Cairo later this year.

The meeting also addressed developments pertinent to a number of regional issues and emphasized the alignment of the positions of Egypt and Lebanon on the developments in the Gaza Strip. There was agreement, during the meeting, on the importance of intensifying joint efforts to find political and peaceful solutions to the crises facing some countries in the region, while emphasizing the need to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of these countries. Both sides agreed to continue consultation and coordination between Egypt and Lebanon to serve common interests and enhance regional security and stability.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

World Health Organization (WHO) Africa, International Vaccine Institute sign agreement to boost vaccine production in Africa

Source: APO


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The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa and the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to deepen their strategic collaboration in support of vaccine equity, local production, and health innovation across the region.

Signed on the sidelines of the Seventy-fifth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for Africa, held in Lusaka, Zambia from 25 to 27 August 2025, the MoU reflects a shared commitment to strengthening regional capacity for vaccine research, development and manufacturing—critical pillars for health sovereignty and pandemic preparedness.

The MoU was signed by Dr Mohamed Janabi, WHO Regional Director for Africa, and Dr Jerome H. Kim, Director General of IVI. It marks a new phase in efforts to expand access to life-saving vaccines and medicines for African populations.

“This MoU comes at a pivotal moment for Africa’s health future. By joining forces with IVI, we are investing in the continent’s capacity to produce vaccines locally, respond to emerging health threats, and reduce dependency on external supply chains. It’s a step toward equity, resilience, and self-reliance,” said Dr Janabi.

Dr Kim echoed the urgency and opportunity: “IVI is proud to partner with WHO to support Africa’s leadership in vaccine innovation. Together, we will advance clinical research, regulatory harmonization, and technology transfer to ensure that African countries are not just recipients of vaccines—but producers and innovators.”

The MoU outlines key areas of collaboration:

  • Vaccine R&D and clinical trials: Supporting African-led research and development, with a focus on diseases of regional priority.
  • Regulatory strengthening: Enhancing the capacity of national regulatory authorities and harmonizing standards across countries.
  • Local manufacturing: Facilitating technology transfer and investment in regional production hubs.
  • Workforce development: Building expertise in vaccinology, biomanufacturing, and regulatory science.
  • Emergency preparedness: Strengthening joint responses to outbreaks and health emergencies through coordinated vaccine deployment.

The timing of the agreement is significant. As global health financing faces new constraints, regional partnerships such as the one between the WHO Regional Office for Africa and IVI are essential for sustaining progress and ensuring that Africa’s health priorities remain front and center.

The collaboration signals a bold step toward inclusive innovation and regional leadership in global health. It affirms the power of partnerships to deliver long-lasting impact—and to ensure that every person in Africa has access to the vaccines and medicines they need to thrive.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of WHO Regional Office for Africa.

African health ministers call for urgent action as progress against malaria stalls

Source: APO


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Progress against malaria in the African region has significantly slowed down, with cases declining by just 5% since 2015 and mortality by 16%, far short of the 75% reduction target that was to be achieved by 2025. Without intensified efforts, the region risks missing the 2030 targets under the Global Technical Strategy for malaria.

The Global Technical Strategy for malaria 2016–2030, adopted in 2015, sets the target of reducing global malaria incidence and mortality rates by at least 90% by 2030.

Weak health systems characterized by poor and delayed access to quality health services; impacts of conflicts and natural disasters; inadequate domestic financing; and climate change are among the factors hindering progress against malaria. Widespread insecticide resistance; and resistance to diagnostics and antimalarial drugs; as well as insufficient coordination also contribute to the stagnation.

Few African governments have met their commitments to increase domestic financing to end malaria due to constrained economic environment and conflicting national priorities. In 2023, a total of US$ 4 billion was invested globally in the malaria response, compared with against the US$ 8.3 billion needed. About 63% of malaria funding came from international sources. Recent funding cuts and the global funding shifts could further undermine the gains made so far but present an opportunity for rethinking the financing model of malaria programmes.  

Meeting for the Seventy-fifth session of the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Committee for Africa in Lusaka, Zambia from 25 to 27 August 2025, African health ministers called for urgent action to accelerate malaria prevention and control.

The health ministers agreed on a range of urgent actions including strengthening local institutional capacity to drive health system resilience, training and retaining skilled health workers, including community health workers; strengthening supply chains for malaria commodities through pooled procurement systems and local manufacturing ; improving the use of data analytics to sustain and expand coverage in cost-effective interventions including the roll out of malaria vaccination; as well as increasing domestic funding, coordination and accountability of Governments and stakeholders .

“Progress has been made, but it is not nearly enough. Cases and deaths are not falling fast enough. We must do more, and we must do it faster,” said Dr Mohamed Janabi, WHO Regional Director for Africa. “Ending malaria is not only about saving lives. It is about unlocking human potential, driving economic growth and securing Africa’s stability and future. Together, governments, partners, civil society and communities can consign malaria to the history books.”

Over the past two decades, the gains made in malaria control and elimination have led to about 2.2 billion cases and 12.7 million deaths averted thanks to scaled up malaria control efforts.

There have been increases in the coverage of malaria control measures. Insecticide-treated net use rates increased from 46% in 2021 to 59% in 2023; the number of children accessing seasonal malaria chemoprevention increased from 200 000 in 2012 to 53 million in 2023 across in 18 countries, and by July 2025 close to 6 million children had received malaria vaccines by in 20 countries.

We are also seeing some progress in malaria elimination, and since 2015, two countries in the Region, Algeria in 2019 and Cabo Verde in 2024, have been certified malaria-free.

Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe are on track to meet the 2025 targets, Rwanda for reducing case incidence, and Sao Tome and Principe for lowering mortality, underscoring that tailored, data-driven strategies can deliver lifesaving results.

With sustained commitment, it is possible to end malaria.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of WHO Regional Office for Africa.

Deputy Minister calls for investment in SA

Source: Government of South Africa

Deputy Minister in the Presidency, Kenny Morolong, has called on business leaders to invest in the South African economy.

“We invite business leaders to invest in South Africa for the long-term. I believe that the partnership between India and South Africa has the potential to drive economic growth, investment and job creation. We look forward to working with Indian investors and businesses to enable the realisation of our mutually beneficial priorities and unlock new opportunities for cooperation and growth,” he said.

The Deputy Minster was speaking at the 20th edition of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Africa India Conclave in India on Wednesday.

“I am delighted to be here today at the CII Africa India to share South Africa’s G20 priorities. The partnership between India and South Africa is a vital one, with both countries sharing a deep history and cultural ties. We believe that our countries can learn from each other and benefit from increased trade and investment. India is a key player in the global economy, and we are eager to tap into its expertise and investment opportunities,” the Deputy Minister said. 

In his address, the Deputy Mnister said that with South Africa heading the Presidency of the G20 in 2025, the country recognises and appreciates India’s 2023 G20 leadership “for leading from the front in how to elevate Global South priorities within the G20”.

Morolong commended the strides made by India in digital transformation, climate finance, and deepened engagement with Africa and the Global South. 

“South Africa builds on that legacy with an African lens. As a key player in the global economy, India’s growing influence and investment opportunities make the country an ideal partner for South Africa, perhaps more so now, as we navigate the G20 toward real outcomes. South Africa assumed the G20 Presidency on 1 December 2024, under the banner of ‘Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability’. This moment is historic. It brings power – and responsibility – for Africa’s voice in global leadership.”

He further said that South Africa has identified several key priorities that it believes are essential for promoting economic growth, investment and job creation. These include investment in infrastructure, which is critical for driving economic growth and development. Other priorities include investments in transportation, energy, and telecommunications infrastructure. 

“We recognise the importance of trade facilitation in promoting economic growth and investment. This includes streamlining customs procedures, reducing bureaucracy, and improving logistics. We believe that digitalisation is a key driver of economic growth and development.”

South Africa was also committed to promoting sustainable development and addressing the challenges of climate change. 

“As a country, we offer infrastructure, talent, and connectivity under the AfCFTA [African Continental Free Trade Area]. Our country is optimally positioned as an enabler to springboard into Africa’s 1.4 billion consumers and $3 trillion economy.

“Our G20 Presidency is both a platform and a promise. We stand for fair global systems. We stand for action, not words. We stand for Africa at the centre of development. We call on business, investors, and partners to join us, not just for November [when the country hosts the Leaders’ Summit], but for the long haul. South Africa is open. Africa is open. Let us build together,” he said. – SAnews.gov.za

South Africa’s service delivery crisis: why protesters are using more militant tactics

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Kenny Chiwarawara, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg

Post-apartheid South Africa is characterised by frequent public protests. On average, between 2007 and 2013, there were over 11 protests daily. Research shows that protests almost doubled in the 20 years after 1997.

Service delivery protests – over basic services such as housing, electricity, refuse removal, water and sanitation – feature most prominently in these protests.

These protesters employ diverse tactics at different times: marching to government offices, barricading roads, destroying property and attacking unpopular individuals.

Often people ask why protesters resort to destroying public and private property and attacking people.

I have researched poor people’s struggles for housing and basic services in South Africa since 2012.

This article draws from a study involving 20 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions in Gugulethu and the same number in Khayelitsha. These are low-income black townships in Cape Town.

The study investigated three inter-related questions: the reasons for protests, the tactics used by protesters, and the character and organisation of the protests. This article focuses on when, how and why different tactics are used in these protests.

It may be easy to blame protesters for barricading roads, vandalising property and attacking people. However, as my study shows, protesters often initially engage in peaceful and orderly marches. They resort to more radical tactics only when peaceful tactics fail to yield results.

Rather than placing the blame squarely on protesters, there is a need to consider the seriousness of their grievances (such as lack of water), and the failure by the authorities to respond speedily and adequately. Genuinely acknowledging and addressing the grievances discourages more militant protest tactics.

Findings

There is often a perception that communities have an appetite to engage in violent protests. But my research shows that this is not the case.

Aggrieved communities often engage in protests to push for the delivery of basic services.

Usually, poor communities first engage in rounds of orderly and peaceful means of engagement with government officials to alert them to their grievances.

These means of engagement – which are less reported by the media – include holding meetings with the officials responsible for addressing their challenges, and handing them written demands.

When all these means of engagement fail to yield fruit, communities resort to more dramatic means of engagement. These include barricading roads to pressure the government to meet their demands. Even when they turn to dramatic tactics, they first exhaust less dramatic ones.

As the scholar-activist Trevor Ngwane has rightly remarked,

When people start hitting the streets, they should have a banner saying: ‘All protocols observed’, because they’ve gone through all the channels … People feel that the only way to be heard, to get attention, is to burn tyres and engage in some of protest.

My research in Gugulethu and Khayelitsha found that a lack of response, or a poor or unsatisfactory response, led to more radical tactics.

For example, a pastor I interviewed explained the rationale for more radical protest tactics with a compelling metaphor. He explained that pain was necessary in order for someone to take action. He gave an example of a person with a sore arm, but who did nothing to address the source of the pain. He reasoned that if someone else pinched the sore arm, this would compel the patient to take necessary steps to ensure that the arm was healed.

In the same way, he explained that the government knew about the “sore arms”, or poor conditions that impoverished communities endured, but chose to ignore them.

To pressure the government to address their grievances, communities sometimes employ radical protest tactics (pinching). For communities enduring appalling service delivery, the momentary inconveniences ensuing from the “pinching” pale in comparison to the ignored service delivery challenges (sore arms).

My research, for example, highlights the precariousness of living in shacks, lacking a bathroom, toilet, running water and electricity.

It is these challenges that residents episodically protest against using primarily orderly means of engagement and sometimes more radical protest tactics to pressure (or pinch) the government to address the challenges.

What should be done?

Tactics such as the destruction of property and attacks on people that sometimes accompany protests should be discouraged. At the same time, it is important to condemn the circumstances that necessitate such radical tactics.

A more responsive government would try to make it unnecessary for people to turn to militant protests to air their grievances. The government should proactively address service delivery challenges and swiftly respond to the complaints raised by communities.

– South Africa’s service delivery crisis: why protesters are using more militant tactics
– https://theconversation.com/south-africas-service-delivery-crisis-why-protesters-are-using-more-militant-tactics-241045