South Sudan at risk of return to war, United Nation (UN) investigators warn

Source: APO


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South Sudan faces a renewed slide into full-scale conflict unless urgent international action is taken, the UN-appointed independent investigative body examining human rights there warned on Wednesday.

Addressing the UN General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan highlighted escalating armed clashes, political detentions, and widespread human rights violations, calling for coordinated efforts to safeguard civilians and uphold justice.

“South Sudan’s political transition is falling apart,” Commissioner Barney Afako told the Assembly. “The ceasefire is not holding, political detentions have become a tool of repression, the peace agreement’s key provisions are being systematically violated, and the Government forces are using aerial bombardments in civilian areas. All indicators point to a slide back toward another deadly war.”

Fighting intensifies

The Commission noted that fighting has intensified since March, displacing over 370,000 civilians internally and driving many more to neighbouring countries.

Across South Sudan, nearly 2.6 million people remain displaced, in addition to some 600,000 refugees, mostly from Sudan.

“The suffering of South Sudan’s people is not collateral damage – it is the direct consequence of political failure,” said commission chair, Yasmin Sooka.

“Once again, civilians are being bombarded, women are being raped, children are being displaced and forcefully recruited into combat roles, and entire communities are living in fear – all of this is a tragic repetition of South Sudan’s painful past. This war on the people of South Sudan is man-made and preventable.”

Investigators highlighted the growing complexity of the conflict, with political power struggles intertwined with ethnic tensions and local grievances.

Government reshuffles and partisan appointments have deepened mistrust between signatories to the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement, while localised fighting is being exploited for political and military gain.

Billions extracted, ‘while the population starves’

Commissioner Carlos Castresana Fernández linked the crisis to corruption: “Billions in oil revenues have been siphoned off while the population starves. Hospitals have no medicines, schools have no teachers, and soldiers go unpaid while elites enrich themselves through opaque contracts and off-budget deals. Corruption is not a side effect of the conflict — it is one of its engines,” he said.

The Commission’s report also details ongoing sexual violence, forced recruitment of children, and extrajudicial killings, with national authorities complicit in some cases.

Rule of law institutions remain underfunded and promises to reform detention powers have largely gone unfulfilled.

The investigators called on the UN, African Union, and regional partners to ensure accountability, expedite the establishment of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and engage the political class in an inclusive process.

Handshakes not enough

“Peace will not come through words or handshakes,” Sooka said. “It will come through concrete actions — ending impunity, protecting civilians, and building institutions that serve people, not power. Justice and accountability must not remain deferred promises. The international community must move beyond expressions of concern to concrete, coordinated action. Otherwise, the suffering will only intensify.”

The Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, established by the UN Human Rights Council in 2016, is an independent body tasked with investigating human rights violations in the country. Its mandate has been renewed annually, and its members serve without receiving any salary.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of UN News.

Mr. Didier Dogley Appointed as Chairperson of the Islands Development Company (IDC)

Source: APO


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The Office of the President has today announced the appointment of Mr. Didier Dogley as the new Chairperson of the Board of the Islands Development Company (IDC), effective 29th October 2025.

Mr. Dogley brings to the role over three decades of distinguished public service and leadership in the fields of environment, sustainable development, tourism, and climate resilience. His extensive career in Government and international engagement has equipped him with a deep understanding of Seychelles’ environmental and economic landscape.

A former Minister for Tourism, Civil Aviation, Ports and Marine (2018–2020), and Minister for Environment, Energy and Climate Change (2015–2018), Mr. Dogley played a pivotal role in shaping national policies on sustainable tourism, waste management, renewable energy, and climate adaptation. He spearheaded major reforms that strengthened Seychelles’ environmental governance framework, led the national Marine Spatial Planning process, and championed Seychelles’ first Debt-for-Nature Swap and Blue Bond initiative, which received international recognition.

Prior to his ministerial appointments, Mr. Dogley served as Principal Secretary for Environment, Director General for Nature Conservation, and Special Advisor to the Minister for Environment and Energy, where he oversaw the establishment of key national agencies, including the Seychelles National Parks Authority and the National Botanical Gardens Foundation.

Since 2020, Mr. Dogley has worked as a consultant in sustainable development, advising on blue economy strategies, forest rehabilitation, and climate transparency initiatives, both nationally and internationally. He has also represented Seychelles in several global forums on sustainable development, climate change, and biodiversity conservation.

Mr. Dogley holds a Master’s degree in Landscape Management from the University of Reading (UK), a Diplom-Ingenieur in Landscape Architecture from the University of Applied Science in Erfurt (Germany), and a Postgraduate Diploma in Management from the Seychelles Management Institute. He is fluent in English, French, German, and Creole.

As Chairperson of IDC, Mr. Dogley will provide strategic oversight and guidance in advancing the sustainable development and management of Seychelles’ outer islands, ensuring that the Company continues to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship. Mr. Dogley has previously served as a member of the IDC Board, bringing valuable institutional knowledge and familiarity with the Company’s operations to his new role.

Mr. Dogley’s appointment comes as a result of the resignation of the previous Chairperson of the Board, Mr. Naadir Hassan.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of State House Seychelles.

Africa Tech Festival 2025 Brings Digital Leaders and Innovators to Cape Town, Africa’s Capital of Tech

Source: APO


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As the African continent accelerates its digital transformation, South Africa prepares to host the 28th annual Africa Tech Festival (https://AfricaTechFestival.com/) from 11 to 13 November 2025 at the Cape Town International Conference Centre.   

The choice of host city reflects the region’s growing reputation as Africa’s tech capital. The Western Cape – specifically Cape Town and its surrounds – has evolved into the heart of Africa’s innovation economy. The Cape Town-Stellenbosch tech corridor (https://apo-opa.co/48UHJOW) encompasses over 450 tech firms employing close to 40,000 professionals, supported by a network of incubators, accelerators, training providers, and investors that strengthen the region’s innovation economy. 

Home to over 60% of South Africa’s startups, Cape Town also boasts some of Africa’s highest concentrations of venture capital activity. World-class universities that feed a pipeline of skilled graduates into its technology ecosystem, robust digital infrastructure, a supportive business climate, and a lifestyle that attracts global talent are other factors that have led major tech firms and investors to choose Cape Town as their African base. 

The city’s leadership in digital infrastructure is also a contributing factor. This includes advanced fibre networks, renewable energy projects, and an expanding innovation footprint, all of which exemplify how technology can drive economic inclusion and sustainability.  

“Cape Town isn’t just where the Africa Tech Festival happens. The city embodies the collaboration and ingenuity that define Africa’s tech story. We look forward to welcoming the continent’s industry leaders and innovators to participate in a forum for conversations and connections that elevate African tech onto the global stage,” said Kadi Diallo, Portfolio Manager for Africa Tech Festival. 

Africa Tech Festival is Africa’s biggest showcase of enterprise tech innovation across key sectors like telecoms, connectivity, cybersecurity, cloud and data centres, green ICT, and media and entertainment. As over 15,000 global attendees, more than 300 exhibitors, and 450 speakers come together in Cape Town, they are connecting the local ecosystem with the world and reaffirming the city’s status as Africa’s tech capital. 

The 2025 edition of Africa Tech Festival will unite its four flagship programmes: AfricaCom, AfricaTech, AfricaIgnite, and The AI Summit Cape Town under a cohesive narrative that captures the continent’s shared ambition for responsible and inclusive growth. This ensures that conversations move beyond technology silos, exploring how areas such as connectivity, policy, entrepreneurship, and artificial intelligence intersect to accelerate Africa’s development goals. 

For more information, visit https://AfricaTechFestival.com/

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Africa Tech Festival.

About Africa Tech Festival:
Now in its 28th edition, Africa Tech Festival 2025 will take place from 11 to 13 November 2025 at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC), bringing together more than 15,000 technology leaders, policymakers, investors, startups, and visionaries. The Festival encompasses four anchor events: 

  • AfricaCom – The continent’s largest telecoms and connectivity event 
  • AfricaTech – The hub for technology, innovation, and enterprise growth 
  • AfricaIgnite – Driving growth and impact in Africa’s startup ecosystem 
  • The AI Summit Cape Town – Where commercial AI comes to life 

With over 500 speakers, 300 exhibitors, and extensive networking opportunities, Africa Tech Festival remains the continent’s most influential gathering for those shaping Africa’s connected future. 

Tanzania: Authorities must investigate police use of force against election day protesters

Source: APO


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Reacting to the news that two people were killed and several others injured during protests today calling for a boycott of this year’s general elections, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa, Tigere Chagutah said: 

“Reports that one general member of the public and one police officer have been killed during election day protests across Tanzania are deeply disturbing. The risk of further escalation is high – we urge the police to exercise restraint and refrain from using unnecessary and excessive force against protesters. 

“The Tanzanian authorities must promptly conduct a thorough and independent investigation into the unlawful use of lethal force against protesters, and the perpetrators must be held accountable.  

“A reported nationwide internet disruption in Tanzania threatens to further inflame the situation. The authorities must allow unrestricted access to information both online and offline by ensuring full internet access and allowing local and international media to report freely on the election. The authorities have a constitutional responsibility to respect the human rights of all before, during and after the elections.”  

Background 

Tanzanians went to the polls on 29 October, in an election dominated by the ruling Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, with the two main opposition presidential candidates, Tundu Lissu from Chadema (Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo, in English, Party for Democracy and Progress), and Luhaga Mpina from ACT-Wazalendo, barred from standing. erified videos showed largelypeaceful protesters on the streets of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Tunduma, Tanga, and Mwanza among other towns.  Ahead of the elections, Amnesty International launched a briefing which outlined how the Tanzanian authorities have intensified their repression of dissent against the opposition, journalists, civil society and human rights defenders.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Amnesty International.

Location secured for joint border security centre in Benghazi

Source: APO


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In a step toward unifying Libya’s security institutions, representatives from military and security bodies from across the country Tuesday approved a location for a joint border security centre, which is slated to begin operation within the next few weeks.

The Joint Border Security Communication and Information Exchange Centre’s launch is being overseen by a Joint Technical Coordination Team that was established with assistance from the United Nations Support Mission in Libya in January.

The team established a similar information exchange centre in Tripoli in April.

Together, the centres will enable real-time information sharing and support unified responses to border-related challenges.

“The establishment of the joint centre in Benghazi comes at a crucial moment to support military unification and build mutual trust,” said Ali Kilkal, Senior Border Advisor for UNSMIL. “It highlights how cooperation, dialogue, and shared technical planning are translating into tangible progress on the ground advancing Libya’s journey toward unified, effective, and secure border management.”

The coordination team visited the venue, which was proposed by the LNA, as part of a two-day, UNSMIL-facilitated meeting about safeguarding Libya’s borders and combating cross-border threats.

During the meeting, the coordination team also reviewed and finalized new equipment lists and a training plan to support the centres’activities.

The Joint Technical Coordination Team is the first body bringing together senior military and security officials representing the Government of National Unity and the Libyan National Army to address border security related issues.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

Digital innovation for resilient agriculture: lessons from Zambia

Source: APO


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Across Africa, digital technologies are rapidly reshaping the way governments, development partners, and farmers interact. In Zambia, this digital transformation is taking root through the Zambia Integrated Agriculture Management Information System (ZIAMIS) – a pioneering platform designed to improve transparency, efficiency, and resilience across agricultural programmes.

At the recent FAO Resilience Team for Africa Community of Practice (CoP) meeting, Zambia’s experience in integrating e-registers, e-vouchers and e-extension, underlined how digital tools are revolutionizing agricultural governance, service delivery and farmer resilience. These digital innovations are enabling better-targeted support to millions of smallholder farmers, while addressing persistent challenges such as weak data systems, financial leakages, and limited access to markets and advisory services. 

“Digital agriculture goes beyond technology. It is about connecting people, systems, and institutions to deliver support that is effective, inclusive, and accountable. It ensures that farmers, whether in remote areas or urban centers, have equal access to quality services and information,” expressed Priya Gujadhur, Senior Resilience Officer, Regional Office for Africa, in her opening reflections. 

Zambia’s Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP) and the Comprehensive Agriculture Transformation Support Programme (CATSP) have both placed strong emphasis on digitization, integration, and data protection as core enablers for agricultural resilience. By investing in these areas, the country is transforming the way farmers are registered, supported, and linked to value chains.

Before the introduction of digital systems, Zambia’s agricultural programmes faced several operational bottlenecks: limited real-time monitoring, weak due diligence in beneficiary identification, inconsistent technical standards, and potential risks of misappropriation. Accountability and transparency were often compromised, and programme impacts were difficult to measure.

To overcome these issues, the Government of Zambia, with FAO support, developed electronic farmer registers covering 4.3 million verified and traceable farmers. Each farmer, cooperative, and vendor now receives a unique digital ID, improving traceability and compliance with public finance and procurement procedures. More than 1 million farmers, 22 suppliers, and 1 200 agrodealers are already participating annually in the digital system, with transactions fully tracked and validated.

ZIAMIS, a web-based and access-controlled platform operating on both Android and Windows applications, integrates agricultural data to support evidence-based planning and reporting. Through this system, all transactions – from input redemption to crop sales – are digitally recorded, ensuring integrity, reducing risks, and providing real-time insights for decision-makers.

While digital registration was a critical first step, Zambia has gone further by linking ZIAMIS to an e-Business Directory that connects farmers to reliable buyers, input suppliers, financial services, and mechanization providers. This integration is helping bridge the gap between smallholders and markets, turning digital inclusion into economic opportunity.

The results are striking, between 2022 and 2025, farmers receiving digital advisories and e-extension services recorded higher maize productivity, reaching up to 3.4 tonnes per hectare, compared to the national average of 2.14 tonnes. The number of farmers selling white maize also increased sharply, generating over USD 8.9 million in sales.

By connecting the farmer register to e-extension platforms and early warning systems, Zambia is also enabling targeted agronomic and agribusiness advisories based on rainfall, vegetation, and temperature data. This ensures that farmers receive season and location-specific information that helps them adapt to climate variability, manage risks, and make informed decisions.

“One of the key strengths of the ZIAMIS registers integrated with the e-Business Directory is its ability to deliver tailored information to different users through a web platform, mobile app, and chatbot. In areas with limited internet, farmers can still access essential updates via SMS and USSD” explained Mtendere Mphatso, FAO Zambia Chief Technical Advisor.

Digital innovation in Zambia is demonstrating that technology can be a powerful driver of agricultural transformation when integrated into robust policy frameworks and institutional systems. The integration of e-registers, e-vouchers, and e-extension into a single digital ecosystem enhances coordination, transparency, and service delivery.

“The Zambia experience demonstrates what can be achieved when technology is placed in the hands of those who need it most – farmers, extension workers, and service providers – and when strong partnerships and technical capacity support government leadership. It shows how data and digital systems can drive resilience, improve transparency, and link producers to opportunities that strengthen livelihoods,” reflected Lewis Hove, Senior Resilience Officer, Subregional Office for Southern Africa, in his closing reflections.

Through platforms like ZIAMIS, Zambia is not only modernizing its agricultural systems but also offering valuable lessons for the continent: that digital innovation, when combined with good governance and farmer-centered design, can unlock the full potential of Africa’s agriculture.

The FAO Regional Office for Africa will continue to facilitate knowledge exchange across the region, ensuring that lessons from Zambia’s digital transformation inform ongoing efforts to build smarter, data-driven, and resilient agricultural systems across the continent.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Regional Office for Africa.

Eritrea: President Isaias Afwerki Meets South African Deputy Minister

Source: APO


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President Isaias Afwerki met this morning at Adi Halo with Ms. Anna Thandi Moraka, South Africa’s Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, for extensive discussions on political, diplomatic, and developmental matters, as well as the consolidation of the warm ties of friendship and cooperation between the two countries.

The discussion agenda also included coordination between the two countries to enhance Africa’s role in addressing international issues of importance.

President Isaias Afwerki elaborated on Eritrea’s policies and strategies concerning its developmental and economic growth plans and objectives.

In a brief statement to the Eritrean News Agency, Deputy Minister Anna Moraka underlined South Africa’s readiness to work closely with Eritrea and other countries on the continent that prioritize Africa and African issues.

Deputy Minister Moraka further added that her delegation will hold several meetings with relevant government officials to develop concrete cooperation programs in the sectors of agriculture, mining, tourism, and culture and arts during their three-day visit to the country.

The meeting was attended by Mr. Osman Saleh, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Mr. Percy Kumsha, South Africa’s Ambassador to Eritrea.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Ministry of Information, Eritrea.

New Research Reveals How Digital Platforms are Being Weaponised to Abuse and Exploit Women in Kenya

Source: APO

Across Kenya, online sexual exploitation and abuse (OSEA) is escalating rapidly, with predators exploiting digital technologies to recruit, groom, abuse, and traumatise women and girls. Two new reports uncover how the digital realm is being weaponised to perpetrate harm online and offline through technology-facilitated sex trafficking, online sexual coercion and extortion, and image-based sexual abuse, including deepfakes and non-consensual sharing of intimate images.

Experiencing Online Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Kenya: Survivor Narratives and Legal Responses (https://apo-opa.co/4nuu9W4) documents the experiences of twenty survivors, revealing the devastating personal toll and systemic barriers to justice and support.

Commissioned by Equality Now and produced in partnership with KICTANet, with survivor testimonies gathered by HAART Kenya, Life Bloom Services International, and Trace Kenya, the report reveals OSEA’s personal, legal, and social dimensions. It highlights the continuum of sexual exploitation across digital and physical spaces and recommends actionable, survivor-centred legal and policy reforms.

An accompanying policy brief by Equality Now, Not Just Online: Addressing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Across Digital and Physical Realities (https://apo-opa.co/4oII1gc), examines how online and offline sexual exploitation and abuse intersect and reinforce each other. Drawing on evidence from legal and advocacy work in Kenya with survivors, civil society, justice sector actors, and the media, the brief identifies critical gaps in laws, policies, and institutional responses that leave survivors without adequate protection or legal redress. Recommendations outline ways to strengthen prevention, protection, and accountability across physical and digital spaces. 

Technology weaponised to lure and abuse women and girls

Social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and TikTok, dating sites, encrypted messaging services, and mobile money applications like M-Pesa are increasingly used to lure women and girls into harmful situations. The lack of binding obligations on tech companies to monitor and report harmful content compounds the problem, with social media platforms failing to adequately enforce their OSEA policies.

Perpetrators can connect with, manipulate, blackmail, harass, and shame victims with unprecedented reach, speed, and anonymity, often operating with impunity inside and beyond Kenya’s borders. Survivors are subjected to a range of violations, including being coerced into creating sexual content, blackmailed with intimate images, livestreamed during abuse, and trafficked.

Financial vulnerabilities put women at increased risk 

Eighteen of the twenty documented survivor stories demonstrate how predators frequently offer money and false promises of well-paid employment. Over half the survivors were targeted through work, with four recruited for jobs abroad and subjected to sexual violence once overseas.

One survivor recounted responding to an advertisement about a job in Malaysia through a Kenyan broker who communicated via WhatsApp. On arrival, she was raped by her supervisor, who told her that having sex with him was the only way he’d arrange her work visa.

She explained, “He then linked me through WhatsApp to a man he said would give me a job. This man took me to a hotel and forced me to have oral sex with him. The agent threatened to kill me if I ever uttered a word about the sexual abuse.

“I only reported when I returned to Kenya at the Department for Criminal Investigations headquarters. I was asked for proof of the rape or if I could provide DNA evidence, which I did not have.”

OSEA survivors face difficulties reporting and pursuing cases

Victim-blaming and fear of retaliation remain widespread, discouraging reporting to authorities. Survivors commonly face family or community pressure to withdraw complaints and reconcile informally with perpetrators. Those who report incidents often encounter dismissive law enforcement officials and weak enforcement of laws. Fragmented institutional responses hinder the progression of cases, with survivors bounced between police, hospitals, and courts without coordinated support.

Ivy* was in school when she began chatting to a man on Facebook. He gained her trust by sending her money for school fees and food, but when they eventually met face-to-face, he drugged and raped her with another man.

She recounts, “They held me down, and despite my screaming and pleading, they continued. It wasn’t just the physical pain; I was terrified, humiliated, and completely powerless.

“After everything, I went to the police, hoping for justice, but they told me I had to pay KSh 8,000 (USD $62) if I wanted them to track down the two men. I’d already lost so much that day, and now it felt like I was being punished again. The system that was supposed to help me felt like another betrayal.”

Perpetrators exploit encryption and other digital tools to hide identities and evidence, while survivors are mainly unaware of how to preserve digital proof. Judicial and law enforcement systems lack resources, technical capacity, and expertise to collect, preserve, and analyse digital evidence, with some police, prosecutors, and judges needing training on handling OSEA cases and providing trauma-informed support.

Kenya’s adversarial court system risks re-traumatising survivors through aggressive questioning, forcing them to face their abusers, and compelling them to recount their experiences repeatedly, with evidentiary procedure prioritised over survivor wellbeing.

Prosecutors represent the State, not survivors, leaving many without personal legal guidance. Survivors report feeling invisible, disempowered, and disengaged from legal proceedings. Compensation to victims is recognised in law, but is rarely included in prosecutors’ pleadings, and therefore seldom granted.

Corruption also deepens mistrust in Kenya’s justice process, with survivors seeing investigations compromised by perpetrators using bribery and social connections to evade punishment.

Many cases collapse or are withdrawn. Free legal aid is essential as survivors with access to legal assistance are more likely to report crimes, persist through court processes, and secure favourable outcomes.

Kenya’s legal system is ill-equipped to address OSEA 

Kenya has taken progressive steps to tackle sexual exploitation and abuse across physical and digital spaces through various laws and policies, including the Sexual Offences Act (2006), Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act (2010), the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act (2018) read together with the recently enacted Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act (2024). The country has also ratified international and regional instruments, including the Maputo Protocol and Palermo Protocol, which oblige states to protect women and girls from all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse.

However, Kenya’s legal system remains rooted in outdated definitions of abuse, often treating online and offline harms as separate, and enforcement remains weak and fragmented. National laws haven’t kept pace with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, deepfakes, and algorithmic targeting, nor do they adequately recognise or define key online harms, including livestreamed sexual abuse and image-based sexual exploitation.

Reforming Kenya’s OSEA laws

Comprehensive legal reform is still urgently needed to strengthen and harmonise Kenya’s laws, improve digital forensic capacity, and ensure survivor-centred justice. Current reviews of the Sexual Offences Act and the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act offer crucial opportunities.

Experts are calling on Kenya to adopt trauma-informed, gender-responsive approaches and to strengthen coordination across justice, health, and psychosocial systems. There is a need for better collaboration among stakeholders, increased institutional capacity to prevent and respond to abuse, and stronger accountability mechanisms, supported by adequate resources. Sustained prevention and awareness efforts are also essential to challenge harmful social norms and build a culture of zero tolerance for sexual exploitation and abuse.

To improve regional cybersecurity and data protection consistency, Kenya should ratify the Malabo Convention on Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection (https://apo-opa.co/3WOWT0V). While concerns over weak implementation and limited human rights safeguards are valid, the Convention provides essential tools for digital evidence-sharing, corporate accountability, and cross-border justice.

Regional cooperation is vital. Kenya can drive a rights-based, survivor-centred approach to online safety and cross-border cooperation across Africa by leading the shaping and advancement of more robust regional frameworks.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Equality Now.

Note to Editors:
* Ivy’s name has been changed to protect her identity.

**Comment on the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime (Amendment) Act, 2024

On 15 October 2025, Kenya enacted the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act, 2024 (https://apo-opa.co/47scSGP). It amends the 2018 Act, supplementing the original law with additional provisions, reflecting increasing awareness of digital threats and changes in online activities.

Some provisions have been added that could protect against online sexual exploitation and abuse. One positive development is that Section 30 on phishing now includes ‘calling’ as a technique to gain unauthorised access or trick users into revealing personal data.

Section 36A empowers the National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Committee (NC4) to act against platforms hosting CSAM, terrorism, extremism, and cultic content. Section 27 on Cyber Harassment adds conduct “likely to cause [a person] to commit suicide.” However, enforcement must protect other human rights, such as freedom of expression, and prioritise survivors’ voices and rights. Platform accountability should not result in overreach or arbitrary censorship.

For media enquiries, contact:
Michelle Tuva
Regional Communications Officer, Africa
mtuva@equalitynow.org

Tara Carey
Global Head of Media
Equality Now
Tcarey@equalitynow.org
T. +44 (0)7971556340 (available on WhatsApp and Signal)

About Kenya ICT Action Network (https://KICTANet.or.ke):
KICTANet
 is a multi-stakeholder think-tank focused on ICT policy and regulation in Kenya. It serves as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector, guiding its work through policy advocacy, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and research. KICTANet aims to promote an open, accessible, and rights-based ICT environment in Kenya.

Available for media comments: Cherie Oyier (https://apo-opa.co/4oODyc5), Women Digital Rights Program Lead

“OSEA is not just a tech issue. It is a justice issue. As tech evolves, so must our systems to respond swiftly, protect victims, and ensure accountability for harm done in digital spaces.”

About Equality Now (https://EqualityNow.org/):
Equality Now
is a worldwide human rights organisation dedicated to securing the legal and systemic change needed to end discrimination against all women and girls. Since its inception in 1992, it has played a role in reforming 133 discriminatory laws globally, positively impacting the lives of hundreds of millions of women and girls, their communities, and nations, both now and for generations to come.

Working with partners at national, regional, and global levels, Equality Now draws on deep legal expertise and a diverse range of social, political, and cultural perspectives to continue to lead the way in steering, shaping, and driving the change needed to achieve enduring gender equality, to the benefit of all.

Available for media comments: Amanda Manyame (https://apo-opa.co/47j4Txe), Digital Rights Advisor, Equality Now

“Enforcement must protect human rights, define online sexual abuse and exploitation (OSEA) in law, and avoid overreliance on motive, which risks letting abusers escape accountability, hinders reporting, and undermines justice to survivors. Kenya has the tools, institutional frameworks, and the expertise in civil society to lead a truly modern, rights-based response to sexual exploitation. But reform must be bold, survivor-centred, and rooted in the realities of today’s digital world.”

About Awareness Against Human Trafficking (HAART) Kenya (https://HAARTKenya.org/):
HAART is a Kenyan non-governmental organisation based in Nairobi that is entirely devoted to eradicating human trafficking. While HAART’s core focus is on prevention, protection of victims, policy cooperation, and prosecution, the scope of its partnerships and impact areas cuts across grassroots communities, civil society organisations, national state actors, and the global community. Since its inception in 2010, HAART has organised training at the grassroots levels for more than 100,000 people and assisted over 1,300 victims of trafficking.

Available for media comments: Dr. Radoslaw Malinowski (https://apo-opa.co/3X3ETQe), CEO of HAART Kenya

“The abuse doesn’t stop when the screen goes dark. Online and offline sexual exploitation are part of the same problem. When the law fails to recognise that, it fails survivors.”

About Life Bloom Services International (https://LifeBloomServices.org/):
Life Bloom Services International
is a women-led non-profit organisation founded in September 2004. The organisation works with vulnerable women and children survivors of human trafficking and sexual exploitation. It supports women and children living with disability in Nakuru and Narok Counties in Kenya to regain choice and control over their lives, health, and livelihoods in order for them to pursue a safe, prosperous, and healthy life of their choosing.

Available for media comments: Catherine Wanjohi, Executive Director, Life Bloom Services

“The abuse may begin on a screen, but the impact is deeply personal and lasting. Our systems must respond holistically and ensure that survivors are not retraumatised when seeking justice or support.”

About Trace Kenya (https://TraceKenya.org/):
Trace Kenya 
is a Counter Trafficking in Persons Public Benefit Organisation (PBO) based in Coastal and Northern Kenya. It was founded in 2006 to help rescue, rehabilitate, and reintegrate women, youth, and children who were victims of human trafficking. Trace Kenya works with referral partners on issues of counter-human trafficking.

For media comments: Macmillan Ochieng, Programs Coordinator, Trace Kenya

“Digital technologies are expanding the reach of traffickers. Stronger legal protections and coordinated support systems are essential to help survivors rebuild and seek justice.”

Media files

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Statement on the adoption of the Terms of Reference of the GNU Clearing House Mechanism

Source: President of South Africa –

Deputy President Paul Mashatile has today, 29 October 2025, in his capacity as the Chairperson of the Government of National Unity (GNU) Clearing House Mechanism, convened a virtual meeting of the structure, that finally adopted its Terms of Reference.

In 2024, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the establishment of a GNU Clearing House Mechanism to resolve policy disagreements within the 10-member Government of National Unity (GNU), and delegated Deputy President Mashatile to lead the GNU Clearing House.

The GNU Clearing House Mechanism meeting today received a report from the Working Group that was mandated to review and finalise the draft Terms of Reference (ToR’s). 

The draft ToR’s document was first presented in October 2024. Due to disagreements, the Secretariat engaged Professor Jaap de Visser for legal refinement, with  key disagreements centered around deadlock-breaking mechanisms and clauses from the GNU Statement of Intent (especially Clauses 18 and 19.3). 

Subsequently, a Working Group was formed to resolve these issues, comprising representatives from the Democratic Alliance, Rise Mzansi, Pan Africanist Congress, and chaired by the Deputy Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, Mr Andries Nel.

Submissions to the draft Terms of Reference were received from the GOOD Party, Al Jama-Ah, the Democratic Alliance (DA), and the United Democratic Movement (UDM). 

The Working Group was given two weeks to finalise its work and report back to the GNU Clearing House Mechanism.  

The Working Group made the following proposals:

• Firstly, it developed a Dispute Resolution Process flow diagram that clarifies the decision-making process of the GNU Clearing House Mechanism; 

• Secondly, it clarified that the Clearing House Mechanism is a recommending body, not a decision-making structure; 

• Thirdly, it proposed monthly meetings;

• Fourthly, it proposed that unresolved issues be referred to the Political Leaders Forum, not the President; and

• Lastly, the Working Group supported a resolution to “agree to disagree” when consensus fails.

Having noted the above, the GNU Clearing House Mechanism agreed that the Statement of Intent is foundational to the work of the GNU Clearing House and equally agreed that sufficient consensus applies only to decision-making bodies (GNU and Political Leaders Forum), not the Clearing House.

Lastly, it agreed on referral procedures and the non-inclusion of provincial/local government matters.

The GNU Clearing House Mechanism appreciated the work of the Working Group and the Secretariat and agreed that the adopted ToRs will be presented to the meeting of the Political Leader’s Forum for ratification. 

The GNU Clearing House Mechanism also agreed that future concerns should be addressed through amendments, as the adopted document is now a living document. 

Enquiries on the GNU Clearing House Mechanism: Mr Mduduzi Mbada, Head of the GNU Clearing House Mechanism Secretariat, on 082 900 1893.

Media enquiries: Mr Keith Khoza, Acting Spokesperson to the Deputy President, on 066 195 8840.

Issued by: The GNU Clearing House Mechanism Secretariat
Tuynhuys, Cape Town

SA–Swiss relations set to grow stronger following historic State Visit

Source: Government of South Africa

By Dikeledi Molobela 

Bern, Switzerland – President Cyril Ramaphosa has described his State Visit to Switzerland – the first official visit by a South African Head of State since the dawn of democracy – as a milestone in the enduring relationship between the two countries.

Speaking during a press conference in Bern on Wednesday, President Ramaphosa expressed his great honour at being on a two-day State Visit at the invitation of President Karin Keller-Sutter of the Swiss Confederation.

“This is an important milestone in our longstanding partnership and a testament to our mutually beneficial relations.

“During our discussions today, we focused on international issues and the bilateral relations between our two countries. We discussed cooperation in trade and investment, science and innovation, and higher education and training,” he said.

Switzerland remains one of South Africa’s most significant economic partners, with strong links in investment, research, and industrial cooperation. 

President Ramaphosa noted that both countries share a vision of inclusive growth and sustainable development.

“We noted that Switzerland is one of our major trade, investment and economic cooperation partners and we agreed that this visit will give our relationship new momentum. This visit will not only raise the profile of our relations but contribute to better political and economic ties. It will foster greater cooperation and understanding between the people of Switzerland and South Africa,” the President said. 

The President also welcomed Switzerland’s new Africa Strategy for 2025–2028, which outlines its commitment to supporting democratic governance, peacebuilding, and development across the continent.

“We note with appreciation that Switzerland has recently launched its new Africa Strategy for the period 2025–2028, reflecting its commitment to supporting democratic processes, good governance and development,” he said.

President Ramaphosa further commended Switzerland for its global role in promoting peace and mediation, particularly its efforts in conflict resolution across the African continent.

“We further noted Switzerland’s role in advancing peace and security within the United Nations and around the world, notably in various conflict areas on the African continent such as Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan,” he said. 

Acknowledging Switzerland’s ongoing support for South Africa’s economic transformation, President Ramaphosa said he was encouraged by the impact of Swiss-led initiatives that promote growth and inclusivity.

“I also used the opportunity to commend the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs for their significant contributions to improving the lives of South Africans through various initiatives to foster economic growth, sustainability and inclusivity,” he said. 

A key focus of the visit was the development of a youth cooperation framework aimed at promoting training, innovation, and skills development for young people.

“The President and I had previously discussed the development of a youth cooperation framework and I look forward to our further engagement in this regard,” he said.

South Africa expressed gratitude for Switzerland’s support for its G20 Presidency, particularly around the themes of inclusive growth, climate action, and reforming global financial institutions.

“We thanked Switzerland for its public support of our G20 Presidency and the priorities of inclusive economic growth, debt management, support for multilateral development banks, climate change and the reform of global governance institutions,” he said. 

President Ramaphosa expressed his appreciation for Switzerland’s partnership in the repatriation of cultural artefacts belonging to the Nkuna Royal Family, which were formally handed over earlier in the visit.

“I conclude by thanking the Swiss Government for the constructive cooperation in the repatriation efforts of the heritage objects of the Nkuna Royal Family, which will now occupy their rightful place in Limpopo in South Africa,” he said.

Reflecting on the spirit of the visit, President Ramaphosa said both countries were committed to elevating their friendship to new heights.

“Relations between South Africa and Switzerland have come a long way. From this State Visit, we are confident that they will go even further and achieve greater benefits for the people of both countries.”

The press conference followed official talks and a welcome ceremony earlier in the day at the Federal Square in Bern, where President Ramaphosa was received by Swiss President Karin Keller-Sutter with full military honours. – SAnews.gov.za