Category: MIL-OSI

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Cabo Verde: Ministro do Turismo e Transportes visita obras do novo Pontão de Santa Maria

Source: Africa Press Organisation – Portuguese –

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O Ministro do Turismo e Transportes, José Luís Sá Nogueira, realizou uma visita de acompanhamento às obras do novo Pontão de Santa Maria, na ilha do Sal, com o objetivo de aferir o andamento dos trabalhos e acompanhar de perto as intervenções em curso.

Atualmente, a obra encontra-se numa fase inicial, centrada sobretudo nos estudos técnicos indispensáveis à sua execução, nomeadamente o diagnóstico do subsolo e a realização de testes hidráulicos, etapas consideradas fundamentais tendo em conta a localização costeira do pontão e as exigências de segurança estrutural.

Em paralelo, já é visível o avanço da edificação da estrutura que irá acolher a futura praça pedonal, concebida como um espaço de acolhimento e fruição para residentes e visitantes.

A intervenção no Pontão de Santa Maria insere-se num projeto estruturante de requalificação urbana e turística, com um prazo de execução estimado em cerca de dois anos e visa devolver à cidade um equipamento emblemático, reforçando a segurança, a valorização paisagística e a qualidade da experiência turística.

A infraestrutura, orçada em 8,9 milhões de euros, para além da componente turística, assume também uma forte dimensão social e económica, ao integrar soluções que conciliam o uso público do espaço com as atividades tradicionais ligadas ao mar.

O Ministro também deslocou-se igualmente ao mercado do peixe e ao espaço de reassentamento provisório dos pescadores, construído em articulação com a Associação dos Pescadores de Santa Maria.

Este espaço foi concebido para garantir condições adequadas durante o período de execução da obra, dispondo de cacifes individuais, áreas de despensa e instalações sanitárias, assegurando dignidade, funcionalidade e continuidade da atividade piscatória.

Nas visitas que aconteceram no sábado, 10 de janeiro, o Ministro do Turismo e Transportes, José Luís Sá Nogueira, esteve acompanhado do Presidente do Instituto do Turismo de Cabo Verde, Jair Fernandes, e do coordenador do Gabinete de Gestão das Zonas Turísticas Especiais, Victor Cardoso.

Distribuído pelo Grupo APO para Governo de Cabo Verde.

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‘South Africa is proud of you’ – Education Minister hails top 2025 matriculants

Source: Government of South Africa

‘South Africa is proud of you’ – Education Minister hails top 2025 matriculants

South Africa’s top matriculants should be celebrated not just for their results, but for the determined pursuit of excellence that drove them to the top of the 2025 Matric class.

This according to Minister of Basic Education, Siviwe Gwarube, who addressed the Ministerial Breakfast celebrating the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Class of 2025 top achievers.

Reflecting on a story based in Greek mythology about a man condemned to pushing a boulder up a hill, the Minister likened this toil to the one South Africa’s brightest stars endured.

“[This] story matters today because every learner we celebrate this morning knows something about pushing a boulder uphill: the late nights, early mornings, setbacks, pressure, self-doubt, and the quiet decision, again and again, to keep going.

“And today, we gather not just to celebrate the summit you reached, but the pursuit of excellence that brought you here,” Gwarube said.

She told the learners that their remarkable achievements stand as a testament to what hard work and determination can accomplish.

“You have not only passed; you have excelled. In doing so, you have expanded what is possible for yourselves, your families, and your communities. You have shown that excellence is not reserved for a privileged few, but is earned through discipline, resilience, and focus.

“But let me say this clearly: this moment is not the end of your journey. It is the beginning of a new climb.

“There will be other hills. Other boulders. Other moments when progress feels slow or setbacks feel heavy. Do not be discouraged when the climb becomes steep again. Remember what you have already proven that you can persevere, that you can adapt, and that you can rise,” she said.

A word of appreciation was spared for the support systems behind the learners and the teachers who travelled the journey with them.

“To the parents and guardians in the room: today also belongs to you, as much as it belongs to your children.

“Behind every high-achieving learner is a home that made sacrifices. A home that chose discipline over comfort, encouragement over despair. You carried emotional, financial, and psychological weight so that your children could focus on learning. You pushed your own boulders – sometimes silently, sometimes exhausted, often without recognition.

“To the teachers watching from classrooms, staff rooms, across the country as they prepare to receive learners Back-To-School: this celebration is yours too. Teachers are the quiet architects of excellence. You see potential before it becomes visible,” Gwarube said.

The learners are encouraged to carry forward the “curiosity, effort, humility and grit” that carried them through the exams.

“South Africa needs not only your intelligence, but your character. May you carry this lesson with you: that excellence is not only found at the top of the hill, but in the climb itself.

“Congratulations to each and every one of you. South Africa is proud of you. The future is brighter because of you,” Gwarube concluded. – SAnews.gov.za

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Safety concerns on children’s products with zinc picolinate

Source: Government of South Africa

Safety concerns on children’s products with zinc picolinate

The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) has called on the public to return products containing zinc picolinate and selenium, amid safety concerns related to children.

Furthermore, health professionals are requested to cease all distribution, selling, and/or dispensing, and remove all selenium and zinc picolinate-containing products intended for use in children from stores, storage facilities and shelves.

According to SAHPRA, zinc picolinate, at any supplemental dose, can cause side effects that include indigestion, diarrhoea, headache, nausea and vomiting.

“As the bioavailability of Zn from Zn-picolinate is variable due to multiple factors, the risk of side effects may be higher and unpredictable, and it is unsuitable as a source of elemental zinc supplementation in children.

“Selenium, when supplemented to children, represents a safety concern, considering the potential differences in selenium daily intake between different population groups. 

“While selenium intake is a viable requirement for children in areas of famine or dietary restriction, the potential adverse effects of selenium overdose are of concern when provided in general supplements/medicines intended for children,” the authority warned.

The products are marketed and sold, among others, as “immune boosters” for children, with the main active ingredients being zinc (when derived from zinc picolinate) and/or selenium.

These products are indicated for supporting the treatment of colds, flu, diarrhoea, and skin-related conditions, rendering the products in question medicines that require registration by SAHPRA.

“Any medicine sold that contains zinc picolinate or selenium intended for use in children does not qualify as a Category D (complementary) medicine. As such, their sale as a Category D medicine is illegal. 

“Therefore, with effect from the date of publication of this notice, all selenium and zinc picolinate-containing products intended for use in children shall be subject to registration as a medicine falling into Category A, as defined in Section 14(2) of the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 101 of 1965, and need to be submitted to SAHPRA for registration.

 “The sale of Category D (complementary) medicines containing Zinc picolinate or Selenium and intended for use in children must be withdrawn from the market within six (6) months of the date of this publication,” the authority said. – SAnews.gov.za

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Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of Kenya Reaffirms Adherence to the One-China Principle

Source: APO


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On January 9, Ambassador Guo Haiyan met with Dr. Korir Sing’Oei, Principal Secretary for Foreign Affairs. The two sides exchanged views on bilateral relations as well as international and regional issues of common concern.

Following the meeting, Dr. Sing’Oei stated on his X account that, in assessing the risks and uncertainties pertinent to the current global environment, Kenya steadfastly commits to the rules of international law as stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations and firmly adheres to the one-China principle.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Kenya.

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Níger enfrenta piora da desnutrição aguda infantile

Source: Africa Press Organisation – Portuguese –

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Mais de 1,6 milhão de crianças com menos de cinco anos enfrentam ou estão em risco; baixa diversidade alimentar e acesso limitado a serviços de saúde e nutrição agravam a situação; apesar do progresso, refugiados e deslocados continuam entre os mais vulneráveis.

Mais de 1,6 milhão de crianças com menos de cinco anos enfrentam ou correm o risco de sofrer de desnutrição aguda em Níger até julho.  Deste número, mais de 410 mil devem enfrentar desnutrição aguda severa em intervalo de um ano.

Embora a situação nutricional do país apresente alguns sinais de melhora, em comparação com o ano anterior, o nível de gravidade permanece alarmante em várias regiões. 

Regiões críticas e evolução projetada da crise

A análise realça que além do número elevado de crianças, cerca de 306 mil mulheres grávidas e lactantes também deverão sofrer de desnutrição aguda, aumentando os riscos para mães e recém-nascidos.

Durante o pico da desnutrição, entre agosto e novembro de 2025, toda a região de Diffa, os departamentos de Bermo e Tessoua em Maradi e áreas de refugiados em Agadez, Diffa e Maradi foram classificados como situações de emergência. Trata-se da Fase 4 da Classificação Integrada da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, IPC.

A situação tende a melhorar, parcialmente, entre dezembro de 2025 e abril de 2026. Nesse período espera-se a redução de casos de diarreia e malária e que haja maior disponibilidade de alimentos. 

Espera-se que algumas áreas passem da Fase 3, crise, para a Fase 2 de alerta, e outras devem regredir da Fase 4 para a Fase 3.

Fatores que impulsionam a desnutrição

Com o início da estação chuvosa e do período de escassez alimentar, entre maio e julho de 2026, as condições devem deteriorar-se novamente. As projeções indicam 33 áreas na Fase 3 e 10 áreas na Fase 4, estando a região de Diffa, o departamento de Say e duas áreas de refugiados em risco de agravamento.

A crise nutricional no Níger é resultado de uma combinação de fatores estruturais e humanitários. Entre os principais estão o baixo consumo alimentar e a falta de diversidade na dieta das crianças, o que compromete o crescimento e o desenvolvimento infantil.

Doenças como malária, infeções respiratórias, febre e diarreia continuam amplamente disseminadas, agravadas por condições precárias de água, saneamento e higiene. O acesso limitado à água potável e a elevada taxa de defecação a céu aberto aumentam o risco de infeções.

Práticas alimentares inadequadas e a insegurança

Práticas inadequadas de alimentação infantil, incluindo uma baixa taxa de amamentação e interrupção precoce até os dois anos de idade, também contribuem para os altos níveis de desnutrição. 

A situação é agravada pela cobertura insuficiente de programas de tratamento da desnutrição aguda e pela fragilidade do sistema de saúde.

Além disso, inundações causadas por chuvas intensas e pelo transbordamento do rio Komadougou e dos seus afluentes também agravam o contexto humanitário, assim como a insegurança vivida, que continua a provocar deslocamentos populacionais.

Distribuído pelo Grupo APO para UN News.

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China and Liberia Sign Agreement on Development Cooperation

Source: APO


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On January 9, the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Liberia signed the Agreement on Development Cooperation in Monrovia. H.E. Ambassador Yin Chengwu signed on behalf of China, while H.E. Sara Beysolow Nyanti, Minister of Foreign Affairs, represented Liberia. The signing ceremony was also attended by Anthony Myers, Acting Minister of Finance and Development Planning, Deputy Ministers & Assistant Ministers from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, among others.

In the remarks, Ambassador Yin said the signing of the Development Cooperation Agreement represents a concrete step in implementing the consensus reached by the two Heads of State and the outcomes of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), as well as in deepening the China-Liberia Strategic Partnership. It is yet another demonstration of China’s firm support for Liberia’s economic and social development endeavors. The Chinese side looks forward to working closely with the Liberian side to actively implement the agreement, ensure that it bears fruit, and benefits the Liberian people.

Minister Nyanti expressed gratitude to the Chinese Government for its strong support, spoke highly of China’s “people-centered” development philosophy, noted that the Agreement is of great significance for the promotion of Liberia-China strategic partnership and the social and economic development of Liberia, showing the true spirit of South–South cooperation. Liberia is willing to effectively implement the Agreement and to further deepen and broaden bilateral cooperation.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Liberia.

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Mahama Administration Pays US$1.470 Billion to Clear Energy Sector Debt and Restore World Bank Guarantee within First Year

Source: APO


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The Government of Ghana, under the leadership of President John Dramani Mahama, has decisively resolved the crippling energy sector debt that posed one of the gravest risks to Ghana’s financial stability.

When President Mahama assumed office in January 2025, the energy sector had been pushed to the brink by years of persistent non-payment for gas supplied to the power sector from the Offshore Cape Three Points (OCTP) field. As a result, the World Bank Partial Risk Guarantee of US$500 million had been completely depleted under the previous administration.

The Partial Risk Guarantee (PRG), established in 2015 under the previous NDC Government, was a critical safeguard that enabled nearly US$8 billion in private sector investment into Ghana’s energy sector through the Sankofa Gas Project.

It was designed to guarantee payments to the project partners, ENI and Vitol, in the event of payment shortfalls. Its exhaustion represented a serious governance failure that undermined Ghana’s international credibility.

In a clear demonstration of fiscal discipline and responsible leadership, Government has, as at 31 December 2025, fully repaid US$597.15 million, inclusive of interest, drawn on the World Bank Guarantee. This achievement has restored the facility in full and reaffirmed Ghana’s standing as a credible and reliable partner on the global stage.

Between January and December 2025, Government, through carefully coordinated policy actions, also settled all outstanding gas invoices owed to ENI and Vitol for electricity generation. These payments totalled approximately US$480 million, ensuring that Ghana is fully current on its obligations to the Sankofa partners.

Through prudent financial management, adequate budgetary provisions have been secured to sustain timely payments going forward.

Government has also held constructive engagements with Tullow Oil and the Jubilee Field partners, agreeing on a comprehensive roadmap to guarantee full payment for all gas off-taken.

This approach is aimed at supporting reliable nationwide electricity generation while accelerating industrial growth.

Engagements with Ghana’s upstream partners have already resulted in increased gas production, guided by a clear national vision to rapidly scale up domestic gas supply to meet the country’s growing energy demand and reduce reliance on expensive liquid fuels.

As part of its broader energy sector reset, the Mahama Administration has successfully renegotiated all Independent Power Producer agreements to secure improved value for money for the Ghanaian people.

In 2025 alone, Government paid approximately US$393 million in legacy IPP debts, further anchoring the gains made in restoring stability to the sector.

Altogether, the Ministry of Finance has paid approximately US$1.470 billion in the 2025 fiscal year to rescue and restore Ghana’s energy sector.

Beyond clearing inherited arrears, and through disciplined implementation of the Cash Waterfall Mechanism by the Ministry of Energy, Government has remained current on largely all IPP invoices for 2025 and is firmly committed to further improving payment performance across all IPP obligations going forward.

The Government of Ghana assures the general public, industry stakeholders, and international partners that the era of uncontrolled energy sector debt accumulation is over.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Ministry of Finance – Republic of Ghana.

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The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa) Unveils AgriTech Report Mapping the Trends, Innovators, and Investment Opportunities Shaping the Future of West African Agriculture

Source: APO

The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa) (https://MeltWater.Org); the continent’s launchpad for tech entrepreneurs has released ‘the MEST Africa AgriTech Report’, highlighting the technologies, startups  and trends redefining agriculture in West Africa.

Produced as part of the 2024 edition of the MEST Africa Challenge (MAC), in partnership with the Norwegian Embassy in Accra, the report reveals how local innovators are harnessing mobile technology, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and solar-powered systems to tackle post-harvest losses, market inefficiencies, and financing gaps that constrain African farmers.

“Agriculture has always been the backbone of West Africa’s economy, but today we’re seeing the emergence of a new chapter; one driven by innovation, local ingenuity, and technology,” said Ashwin Ravichandran, Portfolio Advisor and MAC Lead, MEST Africa. “This report captures that transformation and calls for greater collaboration between entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers to ensure the promise of AgriTech benefits every farmer.”

Drawing on data and case studies from five key markets; Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Benin, the report spotlights more than 40 AgriTech startups driving measurable impact, including Ghana’s SAYeTECH, winner of the MEST Africa Challenge 2024, which manufactures locally appropriate mechanization tools, and Nigeria’s ColdHubs, whose solar-powered cold rooms have saved over 40,000 tons of produce from spoilage.

While ecosystem enablers such as MEST Africa, Kosmos Innovation Center (KIC), and CcHUB continue to nurture talent and provide seed capital, the report highlights that AgriTech still attracts only about 4% of Africa’s venture funding; revealing untapped opportunities for investors to back AgriTech solutions driving food security and inclusive growth.

“Our goal with this report is not only to spotlight innovation but to drive collaboration,” Ravichandran added. “By investing in data, infrastructure, and people, Africa’s AgriTech ecosystem can scale sustainably; ensuring technology works for the farmer first.”

Since 2008, MEST Africa has trained and supported over 2,000 entrepreneurs and invested in 90+ startups. The MEST Africa Challenge (MAC) is its flagship pan-African pitch competition designed to identify, support, and scale high-potential technology ventures.

Download the full report: https://apo-opa.co/49gBZyF

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa).

Media Contact (MEST Africa):
Ophesmur Naa Adjeley Adjei
Marketing and Communications Manager
marketing@meltwater.org

About MEST Africa:
Established in 2008 as the non‑profit arm of Meltwater, the Meltwater Foundation drives job creation and economic growth in Africa through software entrepreneurship. Headquartered in Accra, Ghana, the Foundation’s Entrepreneurial Support Organisation, MEST Africa, delivers a full-time, in-person intensive tech‑entrepreneurship training to emerging talent from more than 22 African countries and provides early‑stage investment to promising ventures. To extend this impact, the Foundation launched MESTx, a suite of collaborative programs designed and delivered with like‑minded partners to expand digital‑skills training and startup acceleration across the continent. Since its inception, the Meltwater Foundation has trained 2,000+ entrepreneurs and invested in 90+ startups across the continent; fueling innovation, creating jobs, and shaping Africa’s next generation of tech entrepreneurs. Learn more about MEST Africa: https://MeltWater.Org

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The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa) dévoile un rapport AgriTech retraçant les tendances, les innovateurs et les opportunités d’investissement qui façonnent l’avenir de l’agriculture en Afrique de l’Ouest

Source: Africa Press Organisation – French

The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa) (https://MeltWater.Org), véritable tremplin du continent pour les entrepreneurs technologiques, a publié le “MEST Africa AgriTech Report”, un rapport qui met en lumière les technologies, startups et tendances qui redéfinissent le secteur agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest.

Produit dans le cadre de l’édition 2024 du MEST Africa Challenge (MAC), en partenariat avec l’Ambassade de Norvège à Accra, ce rapport révèle comment les innovateurs locaux exploitent la technologie mobile, l’intelligence artificielle (IA), l’Internet des objets (IoT) et des systèmes alimentés par l’énergie solaire pour s’attaquer aux pertes post-récolte, aux inefficacités des marchés et aux déficits de financement qui freinent les agriculteurs africains.

“ L’agriculture a toujours été le pilier de l’économie ouest-africaine, mais nous assistons aujourd’hui à l’émergence d’un nouveau chapitre – un chapitre porté par l’innovation, l’ingéniosité locale et la technologie », déclare Ashwin Ravichandran, Portfolio Advisor et Responsable du MAC, MEST Africa. « Ce rapport illustre cette transformation et appelle à une collaboration accrue entre entrepreneurs, investisseurs et décideurs pour garantir que l’AgriTech bénéficie à chaque agriculteur. “

S’appuyant sur des données et des études de cas provenant de cinq marchés clés, Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Sénégal et Bénin; le rapport met en lumière plus de 40 startups AgriTech générant un impact mesurable. Parmi elles :

SAYeTECH (Ghana), lauréate du MEST Africa Challenge 2024, qui conçoit des équipements de mécanisation adaptés aux réalités locales ;

ColdHubs (Nigeria), dont les chambres froides solaires ont permis d’éviter le gaspillage de plus de 40 000 tonnes de produits agricoles.

Bien que des acteurs de l’écosystème tels que MEST Africa, Kosmos Innovation Center (KIC) et CcHUB continuent de soutenir les talents et de fournir des financements d’amorçage, le rapport souligne que l’AgriTech n’attire encore qu’environ 4 % du capital-risque africain; révélant des opportunités considérables pour les investisseurs souhaitant soutenir des solutions capables de renforcer la sécurité alimentaire et la croissance inclusive.

“Notre objectif avec ce rapport n’est pas seulement de mettre en avant l’innovation, mais aussi de catalyser la collaboration”, ajoute Ravichandran. “En investissant dans les données, les infrastructures et les personnes, l’écosystème AgriTech africain pourra se développer durablement en veillant à ce que la technologie serve d’abord l’agriculteur. “

Depuis 2008, MEST Africa a formé et accompagné plus de 2 000 entrepreneurs et investi dans plus de 90 startups. Le MEST Africa Challenge (MAC) est son concours panafricain phare, conçu pour identifier, soutenir et faire croître des entreprises technologiques à fort potentiel.

Télécharger le rapport complet : https://apo-opa.co/49gBZyF

Distribué par APO Group pour The Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST Africa).

Contact Presse (MEST Africa) :
Ophesmur Naa Adjeley Adjei
Marketing and Communications Manager
marketing@meltwater.org

À propos de MEST Africa :
Créée en 2008 comme branche à but non lucratif de Meltwater, la Meltwater Foundation stimule la création d’emplois et la croissance économique en Afrique grâce à l’entrepreneuriat logiciel. Basée à Accra, au Ghana, son organisation de soutien entrepreneurial, MEST Africa, propose une formation intensive en technologies et entrepreneuriat – à temps plein et en présentiel – destinée à des talents issus de plus de 22 pays africains, et fournit des investissements d’amorçage à des startups prometteuses.

Pour étendre son impact, la Fondation a lancé MESTx, un ensemble de programmes collaboratifs conçus avec des partenaires partageant la même vision afin de développer la formation digitale et l’accélération de startups sur tout le continent.

Depuis sa création, la Meltwater Foundation a formé plus de 2 000 entrepreneurs et investi dans plus de 90 startups, contribuant ainsi à stimuler l’innovation, créer des emplois et façonner la prochaine génération d’entrepreneurs technologiques africains.
En savoir plus : https://MeltWater.Org

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President Ramaphosa arrives in UAE

Source: Government of South Africa

President Ramaphosa arrives in UAE

President Cyril Ramaphosa has arrived in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) at the invitation of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE, to participate in the Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week (ASDW).

The ADSW 2026, held under the theme, “Nexus of Next: All Systems Go”, brings together the global sustainability community to ignite impactful dialogues and bold ideas aimed at fostering cross-sector collaboration and delivering breakthrough solutions to advance sustainable development worldwide. 

On Tuesday, 13 January, President Ramaphosa will hold bilateral talks with Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE, ahead of the ADSW Opening Ceremony. 

The President will attend the opening ceremony as well as the Zayed Sustainability Prize Awards Ceremony, which celebrates 11 winners driving real-world impact across the categories of Health, Food, Energy, Water, Climate Action and Global High Schools.

In advancing discussion on economic transformation, ethical governance, and youth empowerment, the President will address the Youth 4 Sustainability (Y4S) Forum and Hub, under the theme Leading the Just Transition: Youth, Skills, and Inclusive Growth.

The President will also participate in the Heads of State Panel discussion on the topic: “A vision for Global Energy”. 

In addition, he will also participate in a high-level session titled: Next Leap: Global South Infrastructure, which will focus on accelerating bankable, scalable infrastructure investment across the Global South. 

“South Africa maintains cordial bilateral relations with the UAE, characterised by regular high-level visits as well as robust economic cooperation, for the mutual benefit of both countries. The UAE is also a major investor in the South African economy across various sectors such as transport, logistics and renewable energy.

“During his visit, the President will also engage with leading captains of the industry and business leaders to promote investment and strengthen collaboration,” the Presidency said.

The President is accompanied by the Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Ronald Lamola; Minister in The Presidency, Khumbudzo Ntshavheni; Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, Parks Tau; and the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, Mmamoloko Kubayi. – SAnews.gov.za

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