Protection Is Not Worn – It Is Delivered (By Viv Muthan Pr Eng)

Source: APO

By Viv Muthan Pr Eng, Head of Export Sales and Operations.

When organisations talk about personal protective equipment (PPE), the conversation usually centres on the product. Specifications, certifications and proper usage dominate safety discussions. Yes, these matter, but they are not where safety integrity is ultimately determined. PPE only does the job if it is available, consistently supplied and trusted to perform at the exact moment of need. Integrity is created or destroyed upstream by the system that ensures that the product shows up, performs as expected and can be relied on without hesitation. That system is the supply chain.

If safety is determined upstream, where does it actually break?

The supply chain sets the boundary conditions for safety. It operates quietly in the background, but its impact is immediate and tangible on the ground. When it functions well, workers have uninterrupted access to the protection they need. When it falters, the absence is felt instantly, not as a logistical inconvenience, but as a direct threat to safety and operational continuity. The risks associated with weak supply chains are often underestimated because they do not always present themselves as dramatic failures. Instead, they emerge as small, compounding deviations. A delayed shipment forces teams to stretch existing inventory. A quality inconsistency introduces doubt about whether equipment will perform as expected. A stockout forces substitution under pressure with products that may not fully meet operational demands.

Each of these disruptions chips away at the certainty that safety systems depend on. What appears isolated is rarely contained. Research into PPE supply chains shows that disruptions propagate through feedback loops, where delays and shortages reinforce each other and persist, often surfacing at precisely the moment demand peaks. This erosion of certainty does not just affect safety outcomes but fundamentally changes the economics of the system.

The hidden cost of “efficiency”

Many PPE procurement strategies optimise for unit cost, which assumes a stable system. In reality, supply chains operate under variability where lead times shift, demand signals distort and quality drifts. Once variability enters the system, linear cost logic collapses. The amplification of variability across supply chains, widely described as the bullwhip effect, demonstrates how small demand or supply fluctuations expand upstream, creating both shortages and instability.  The cost is no longer just the product but the consequences of unavailability, some of which include downtime and lost productivity, forced substitution under pressure, and exposure to risk under uncertainty. Once those costs are accounted for, the economics invert and the lowest unit cost often produce the highest total system cost.

The constraint not being managed

Treating PPE as a commodity is common but structurally flawed. Commodities are optimised with the view that price is the governing constraint. Safety-critical systems are optimised for reliability under pressure. Those are not the same objective and they produce very different decisions. The constraint in PPE is not supply or cost but the system’s ability to maintain certainty of supply under conditions of variability. If that constraint is left unmanaged, variability will accumulate until the system fails. Typically, this will not occur at scale, but at the exact point where tolerance for error is lowest.

Reliability is an emergent property

If variability is what breaks the system, reliability must be engineered into it. You do not buy reliability through a supplier choice. It is a design choice and a property that either emerges or does not, depending on how the system’s boundary conditions are defined. The conditions for reliability to emerge must be established in the configuration of the supply chain – how sourcing is distributed, where buffers are positioned and why, how demand signals are generated and interpreted, and how quality is measured and controlled across the chain. Given the networked nature of these conditions, any variability that enters the system will propagate in unpredictable ways.

What high-performing operators do differently

Operators who understand certainty of supply as a governing constraint within the safety system design their supply chains differently. They segment risk rather than standardise blindly and introduce redundancy where the cost of failure justifies it, like engineers do at the higher automation layers. They include metrics for consistency and reliability and not just price. This is an anchor statement made by many procurement professionals in the first meetings across the table from potential suppliers. Security of supply is non-negotiable. Supplier relationships are built around performance over time, not transactional cost gains. Managing purchasing becomes engineering a system of supply.

The effectiveness of PPE is not determined at the point of use. It is determined by whether the system behind it can deliver the right product, at the right time, with consistent performance under real-world conditions of variability. If that system is fragile, protection is conditional and in industrial environments where the margin for error is already thin, supply chain reliability is not a luxury. It is a requirement.


References:

Falagara Sigala, I., Sirenko, M., Comes, T. and Kovács, G., 2022. Mitigating personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain disruptions in pandemics: a system dynamics approach. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(13), pp.128–154

Lee, H.L., Padmanabhan, V. and Whang, S., 1997. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management Science, 43(4), pp.546–558.

Moreno-Baca, F., Cano-Olivos, P., Sánchez-Partida, D. and Martínez-Flores, J.-L., 2025. The bullwhip effect and ripple effect with respect to supply chain resilience: challenges and opportunities. Logistics, 9(2), p.62.

Tiwari, P. and Sharma, P.K., 2025. Analysing the impact of supply chain disruptions on medical equipment availability during pandemics. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 6(3), pp.4505–4510

Ash, C., Venkatadri, U., Diallo, C., Vanberkel, P. and Saif, A., 2023. PPE supply optimization under risks of disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Operations Research (Springer).

RS South Africa (https://Africa.RSDelivers.com) is a trading brand of RS Group plc (LSE: RS1) and a leading provider of industrial product and service solutions.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of RS South Africa.

Further information is available via these links:
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PR Contact Person – RS South Africa:
Princess Tlou
Communications & Content Specialist
RS South Africa
Princess.Tlou@rsgroup.com
+27 11 691 9366

Media Contact Person – NGAGE:
Thobile Ndlovu
PR Account Executive
thobile@ngage.co.za
+27 11 867 7763

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About RS:
RS is a high-service global product and service solutions provider for industrial customers, enabling them to operate efficiently and sustainably.

We operate in 33 markets, stock over 875,000 industrial and specialist products and list an additional five million relevant for our industrial customers, sourced from over 2,500 suppliers. This extensive range supports our customers across the industrial lifecycle of designing, building and maintaining equipment and operations. We enhance their experience through a tailored service model, leveraging our efficient physical, digital and process infrastructure sustainably. We combine a technically led and digitally enabled approach with an exceptional team of experts; ultimately, it is our people that make the difference.

Our purpose, making amazing happen for a better world, reflects our focus on delivering results for people, planet and profit.

RS Group plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange with stock ticker RS1 and in the year ended 31 March 2026 reported revenue of £2,881 million.

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FINCA and Jackfruit Finance Scale Education Financing Model in Tanzania and Uganda

Source: APO

FINCA (www.FINCA.org) and Jackfruit Finance are expanding their education finance collaboration across East Africa following a successful pilot in Uganda that validated demand for tailored financing among underserved schools. The partnership has now launched in Tanzania while entering its next phase in Uganda under a commercial framework designed to prove the long-term sustainability of the operating model before broader expansion.

The collaboration builds on the successful initial pilot in Uganda, through which 42 schools, collectively serving approximately 10,000 children, accessed 184.5 million Ugandan shillings ($49,700 USD) in financing to strengthen operations, retain teachers, and improve school facilities. The pilot demonstrated strong demand for specialized education finance among schools with limited access to formal credit. To date, approximately 91% of the disbursed principal has been repaid.

The partnership was developed through FINCA’s Poverty Eradication Lab, which works with specialized partners to design and test financial solutions that address needs beyond traditional microcredit. By combining FINCA’s expertise in product development and human-centered design, lending infrastructure, and local regulatory presence with Jackfruit’s deep relationships in the education sector, the collaboration created a unique financing model tailored to the realities of low-fee private schools. Schools begin with working capital loans to support operations and teacher retention, with the opportunity to graduate to larger infrastructure loans that help expand classrooms, improve facilities, and increase student capacity.

“Access to capital remains one of the greatest obstacles for schools serving low-income populations across Africa,” said Jackfruit Finance CEO Robert Alhadeff. “By pairing Jackfruit’s education financing platform with FINCA’s reach and product innovation, we’re creating a model that gives schools the stability and resources they need to grow and deliver stronger learning outcomes.”

FINCA Uganda and Jackfruit have now moved to a revenue-sharing model designed to strengthen the program’s commercial sustainability as it enters its next phase of growth. Planned targets include reaching a total of 100 schools in Uganda, graduating eligible schools from working capital to infrastructure loans based on repayment history and assessed need, and launching a pilot targeting up to 70 schools in Tanzania.

“Innovation isn’t about creating more products; it’s about finding solutions that genuinely improve people’s lives and can be replicated at scale,” said Seth Spiro, Vice President and Chief Product Officer, FINCA. “Our partnership with Jackfruit has shown that education finance can strengthen schools, benefit students, and create a sustainable model that can reach many more communities.”

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of FINCA.

ABOUT FINCA:
FINCA is an international organization committed to creating pathways out of poverty through sustainable, scalable solutions rooted in the needs of the people it serves. With a presence in more than 45 countries, FINCA provides innovative tools that help individuals and communities build resilience, generate income, and invest in their children’s education. FINCA’s work is driven by the belief that all people should have the opportunity to leverage their wisdom, talent, and effort to determine their own destiny, and aims to directly serve and support 40 million people by 2028 with proven solutions that spark lasting impact. Learn more at www.FINCA.org. 

ABOUT JACKFRUIT FINANCE:
Jackfruit Finance is a Nairobi-based education finance company providing technology-enabled capital and reward programs that expand access to quality education in Sub-Saharan Africa by offering affordable loans to private schools and related education providers. The company’s mission is to help schools build classrooms, improve facilities, and strengthen learning outcomes through accessible financing solutions tailored to the needs of low-fee and underserved educational institutions. Learn more at Jackfruit Finance (https://apo-opa.co/44ZcuyL)

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Africa Trade Development Forum Set to Convene Global Trade and Industry Leaders in Addis Ababa

Source: APO

Africa’s heads of government, policymakers, leading industrialists, and global partners will gather in Addis Ababa on 23 and 24 November 2026 for the Africa Trade Development Forum 2026. Co-hosted by the Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration of the Federal Democratic Republic Ethiopia and TradeMark Africa (TMA) (www.TradeMarkAfrica.com), the biennial summit arrives at a turning point for the continent’s economic integration and shifting global trade dynamics.

While much global trade conversation has focused recently on tariffs, the primary barrier to African trade lies in the technical, regulatory, financial, and logistical challenges of being able to export, often referred to as Non-Tariff Barriers.

These Non-Tariff Barriers – such as the measures and processes that allow African companies to show international offtakers that they are meeting critical safety and sanitary standards – currently add an estimated 15% to 30% to regional trade costs. UNECA suggests that eliminating these barriers alone could surge intra-African trade by 52%.”Compliance costs are often higher than the tariffs themselves including actual import duties,” notes UNCTAD, citing that technical measures now regulate two-thirds of global trade.

The 2026 Forum will focus on priority, collective actions to harmonise standards, looking at what is needed to reduce compliance costs, accelerate quality certification, and ensure diminishing rejections of African goods by the world’s most lucrative markets.

Commenting on the forum, H.E. Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe, TMA Board Chair and former Prime Minister of Ethiopia said: “The next phase of Africa’s trade growth will depend on African firms showing that their products are as good as those of anywhere in the world. Businesses are up for the challenge – what we need to do, is to help assess and certify their goods, in a way that does not create a burden. ATDF 2026 offers an important opportunity to focus on these issues with clarity, seriousness and a shared sense of purpose.”

H.E. Kassahun Gofe (PhD), Minister of Trade and Regional Integration of the federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia said: “Ethiopia is honoured to host the Africa Trade Development Forum 2026 at a time when the continent is placing renewed focus on the quality of its trade systems and the competitiveness of its markets. Standards and quality infrastructure are central to industrial growth, market confidence and the ability of African producers to compete within the continent and beyond. We look forward to welcoming leaders and institutions to Addis Ababa for a practical and forward-looking discussion on the reforms needed to strengthen trade in measurable terms.”

David Beer, Chief Executive Officer of TMA, added: “Africa’s trade ambitions will be realised by building the systems that allow African firms to compete better with the rest of the world, by showing their goods comply with the highest standards. Quality systems underpin that, as they build the trust that markets demand. ATDF 2026 will see leaders focus on how to help businesses make that happen.”

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of TradeMark Africa (TMA).

Book your trip with ATDF 2026’s official airline partner, Ethiopian Airlines: 
https://apo-opa.co/4yi3ceC
Book your stay with ATDF 2026’s official partner Skylight Hotel, Addis Ababa:
https://apo-opa.co/4aTFXO9 

Media enquiries / interview requests:
tdf@trademarkafrica.com

About the Africa Trade Development Forum:
Convened by TradeMark Africa with a host government, the Africa Trade Development Forum is a biennial continental platform that brings together decision-makers from government, business, regional and continental institutions, the development community and the technical field to make actionable decisions on trade reforms in Africa. The last forum was held in Kigali, Rwanda and resulted to building momentum on the No Stop Border model in Africa, of which TMA and it commercial subsidiary Trade Catalyst Africa (TCA) are partnering with governments and development partners to advance thought leadership and development of systems.

Attendance to ATDF is by invitation only or by accreditation.

About the Subject:
Technical measures are the standards, testing, inspection, certification, labelling and health safety requirements that determine whether goods are accepted in the market. These include sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which protect human, animal and plant health, and technical barriers to trade such as product regulations, conformity assessment and quality requirements. TradeMark Africa works with African governments to balance strict safety regulations with fluid economic growth.

For more information, visit www.TradeMarkAfrica.com

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United States Delivers Life-Saving Health Supplies and equipment to Madagascar

Source: APO

U.S. Chargé d’Affaires Steve Bremner presided over a handover ceremony to the Government of Madagascar, represented by President of the Refoundation Col. Michaël Randrianirina, marking the delivery of nearly one million mosquito nets, over 900,000 pieces of critical laboratory equipment, and 33 internet connectivity systems.  The assistance – valued at more than $2.2 million – is part of a broader U.S.-Madagascar health partnership, outlined in our bilateral Global Health Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in December 2025, totaling $134 million from the U.S. government from 2026 through 2030.

“This assistance is clear and disciplined – it is a tool of strategic engagement, not global charity,” said Chargé d’Affaires Steve Bremner. “Every U.S. taxpayer dollar must show measurable results, reduce long-term dependence on U.S. resources, and support greater self-reliance. Stronger health systems in Madagascar help detect and contain infectious diseases before they spread across borders, protecting American and Malagasy families alike.”

The assistance includes:

  • 989,250 long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets - worth $2 million – will be distributed to 63 districts and 1,661 community health centers across Madagascar. Malaria remains one of the leading causes of death in the country, claiming the lives of children and women at an unacceptable rate. The third and final delivery of these nets arrived in late June and will be distributed starting this July until mid-October, ensuring that those most at risk of mosquito-borne disease now have access to this basic but life-saving protection. U.S.-funded Global Health Supply Chain Program – Procurement and Supply Management (GHSC-PSM) project will ensure the distribution.
  • 908,523 pieces of critical medical and laboratory equipment – valued at $180,000 – including personal protective equipment, laboratory supplies, diagnostic tools, and cold chain equipment – along with a modernized digital surveillance system to Madagascar’s Ministry of Public Health. This support through the STRIDES (Strengthening Infectious Disease Detection Systems) program bolsters Madagascar’s ability to detect and respond to outbreaks of diseases such as monkeypox, plague, rabies, polio, and Ebola before they become regional or global threats.
  • Over $30,000 of funding for the full procurement, installation, and first year of service for 33 Starlink satellite internet systems at priority districts and regional health offices across the country. These systems will allow health workers in remote and underserved communities to transmit health data quickly to central decision-makers – enabling faster, better-coordinated responses when disease outbreaks occur. U.S.-funded Momentum Country and Global Leadership (MCGL) will implement this project.

As the country’s largest bilateral health donor, the United States remains committed to the principle that a stronger, healthier Madagascar makes for a stronger, safer world – and a stronger, safer America.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of U.S. Embassy in Madagascar.

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Bénin : Championnat National Scolaire 2026 : La 6ᵉ édition officiellement lancée à Grand-Popo

Source: Africa Press Organisation – French

Le Ministre des Sports et de l’Engagement Civique, Monsieur Benoît DATO, a lancé le dimanche 12 juillet 2026 au stade omnisports de Grand-Popo, la phase finale de la 6ᵉ édition du Championnat National Scolaire. Pendant une semaine, 1.488 élèves venus des douze départements du Bénin s’affronteront dans cinq disciplines sportives à savoir le football, le handball, le volleyball, le basketball et l’athlétisme. 

La cérémonie d’ouverture a réuni plusieurs membres du Gouvernement, notamment le Ministre de l’Enseignement Secondaire, Dr Clément KOUCHADÉ, le Ministre de la Décentralisation et de la Gouvernance locale, Monsieur Janvier YAHOUÉDÉOU, la Coordonnatrice du Collège des Ministres Conseillers, Madame Jeanne ADANBIOKOU AKAKPO ainsi que la Ministre Conseillère à la Santé, Madame Rosine DAGNIHO. 

Organisée par l’Office Béninois des Sports Scolaires et Universitaires (OBSSU), cette compétition qui a débuté ses éliminatoires sous la couverture du Programme de Promotion et de Développement des Activités Sportives (PPDAS) est devenue un rendez-vous majeur du sport scolaire, dédié à la détection et à la promotion des jeunes talents. 

Le Maire de Grand-Popo, Monsieur Carlos Yao AYIKPE, a salué le choix renouvelé de sa commune pour accueillir l’évènement, assurant de la mobilisation des autorités locales afin d’offrir aux délégations les meilleures conditions de séjour et de compétition. 

Dans son allocution de lancement officiel du championnat, le Ministre Benoît DATO s’est réjoui de la continuité de cette initiative gouvernementale : « De 2021 à 2026, cela fait désormais six ans que ce Championnat National Scolaire se tient et produit des talents ». 

La présence des Amazones U17, invitées d’honneur, a illustré les résultats des classes sportives. Une vingtaine de joueuses de cette sélection nationale sont issues de ce programme, preuve que le championnat constitue un véritable tremplin vers le haut niveau. 

Le Ministre Benoît DATO a rappelé que le sport ne se résume pas à la performance. Selon lui, il constitue avant tout une école de la vie, où se forgent les valeurs de discipline, de respect et de responsabilité. Évoquant la mission d’engagement civique désormais portée par son département ministériel, il a appelé les “élèves-athlètes”, les encadrants et les spectateurs à faire preuve d’exemplarité et de civisme tout au long de la compétition. 

Déclarant la compétition ouverte, le Ministre a exhorté les jeunes à concilier excellence sportive et réussite scolaire, relayant le message du Président de la République, Romuald WADAGNI : « Le champion que vous êtes sur le terrain doit aussi être un élève assidu en classe ». 

À travers cette 6ᵉ édition, le Gouvernement réaffirme son engagement à investir dans la jeunesse en renforçant les dispositifs de formation et d’accompagnement des talents sportifs.

Distribué par APO Group pour Gouvernement de la République du Bénin.

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President Ramaphosa mourns passing of former Amir of Qatar His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Athani

Source: President of South Africa –

President Cyril Ramaphosa has on behalf of the government and people of South Africa, expressed his deep condolences at the passing of His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Former Amir of the State of Qatar.

His Highness passed away yesterday, Sunday, 12 July 2026, at the age of 74.

President Ramaphosa extends his condolences to the Royal Family and the government and people of Qatar.

President Ramaphosa said: “As South Africa, we consider ourselves to be close friends and partners of the State of Qatar which has been a model of peace, development, prosperity, and global influence inspired by the extraordinary leadership of the late Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.

“In this moment of sorrow, we join the people of Qatar and the allies and friends globally in mourning the loss of a distinguished leader whose vision, wisdom, and unwavering dedication to the socio-economic progress and prosperity of his nation and the Global South left an enduring legacy.

“May his soul be favoured with forgiveness and mercy.”

Media enquiries: Vincent Magwenya, Spokesperson to the President – media@presidency.gov.za

Issued by: The Presidency
Pretoria

El Niño threatens deadly floods and disease across East Africa and Asia

Source: APO – Report:

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An intensifying El Niño weather pattern threatens to bring severe flooding, disease outbreaks, heatwaves and drought to communities across East Africa and Asia in the coming weeks, the International Rescue Committee warned today, with families in Kenya, Uganda, Somalia, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan among the most impacted.

In Somalia, June data pointed to a 60% chance of above-average rainfall across the south and southwest, and forecasters are watching a July 15 update that will determine funding and planning for anticipatory action. Overlapping crises of drought and displacement have left 4.8 million people in Somalia in need of urgent aid, a number expected to climb as El Niño flooding compounds the drought in coming months. A flood in 2023 destroyed almost 13,000 tons of crops and damaged entire towns and cities, and experts warn that a similar storm would do more damage this time, as communities already worn down by drought and reduced humanitarian funding have fewer resources and coping mechanisms to rely upon. 

Heavy rain in the Ethiopian highlands combined with local Deyr season rains could send river levels rising quickly along Somalia’s two main waterways, contaminating water sources and raising the risk of cholera and acute watery diarrhea. The anticipated impacts are regional as Kenya faces an 80–82% chance of El Niño persisting through 2026, with dry conditions this summer giving way to a high risk of flooding and landslides later in the year, prompting the government to activate its national response framework. Uganda anticipates a similar shift from drier months to a flood-prone final quarter, raising fears of displacement and disease after more than 413,000 people were affected in the last El Niño cycle. 

“We’re watching several emergencies converge at once, and the places least equipped to absorb another shock are the ones in the crosshairs,” said Bob Kitchen, IRC Vice President for Emergencies. “Acting now, before the rain falls, is far cheaper and far more humane than responding after people have lost everything.”

The same El Niño pattern is expected to hit Asia on a different front, pushing seasonal rainfall below normal and temperatures higher across Pakistan even as northern mountain areas face sudden glacier-melt floods. Meanwhile, Bangladesh’s monsoon season has already turned deadly this year, and landslides and flooding have killed at least 15 Rohingya refugees living in the Cox’s Bazar camps and displaced more than 10,000 people since the start of July. In Afghanistan, El Nino conditions are expected to result in above average rainfall, putting large swathes of the country at risk of flooding. In response to increased climate risk, the IRC’s anticipatory action model already delivers cash to at-risk families ahead of disaster, helping them buy food, pay for water and protect livestock rather than face impossible choices like pulling children from school or arranging early marriages for their daughters.

In the face of a strengthening El Nino, the IRC is calling on donors and governments to fund more anticipatory action activities across East Africa and Asia now, rather than waiting for disaster to strike. Early funding would allow the IRC and partners to reach families in impacted areas with cash, clean water and early warnings before the worst hits, thereby saving lives, preserving resources, and reducing suffering.

– on behalf of International Rescue Committee (IRC) .

Ebola outbreak intensifies across Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as risk of spread to South Sudan grows

Source: APO


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  • 1,926 and 702 deaths confirmed by Ministry of Health as of 11 July
  • 5 provinces are now affected by the outbreak: Ituri, North Kivu, South Kivu, Tshopo and Haut Uele
  • Operational constraints continue to limit response implementation, increasing the risk that undetected chains of transmission will continue to spread
  • Contact tracing has increased to 78.3%, but remains below the 90-95% target recommended by WHO to contain an outbreak

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) warns that the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is worsening on two fronts: transmission is accelerating in locations already affected, while the virus is spreading into new areas, significantly increasing the risk of cross-border spread into South Sudan. 

Case numbers have continued to rise steadily, suggesting the outbreak has not yet reached its peak. There are now five provinces in the DRC affected by the Ebola outbreak, including Tshopo province where the town of Kisangani is situated – over 500km west of the current epicentre, Bunia. The Ministry of Health added ten provinces that are now considered at high risk, including Kinshasa, and are targeted with additional protocols and preparedness activities.

“The risk to South Sudan is particularly alarming. If Ebola crosses the border, it could spread silently before being detected, making the response far more complex and putting countless lives at risk,” said Bob Kitchen, Vice President of Emergencies for the IRC. “Weak surveillance systems, limited health infrastructure, ongoing conflict and a sparse humanitarian presence could delay detection and response.” 

The confirmation of two cases in Wamba, Haut-Uélé Province, near the South Sudan border has significantly heightened the risk of cross-border transmission. The WHO estimates a 70% likelihood that Ebola will spread into the country. The emergence of cases in Kisangani, is also deeply concerning, as the city sits on the Congo River, a major transport corridor linking eastern DRC with Kinshasa, raising the risk of wider geographic spread.

The IRC is supporting preparedness and response efforts in high-risk areas, strengthening infection prevention and control, surveillance, community engagement, and support for frontline health workers to help contain the outbreak and prevent further spread. 

Operational constraints, including border and airport closures and security challenges within the DRC, continue to limit response implementation. With response efforts not yet fully operational across all affected areas, undetected chains of transmission may continue to spread. 

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of International Rescue Committee (IRC) .

Skills shortages are holding back businesses in South Africa – survey finds the weak spots

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Martin Magidi, Researcher, University of Cape Town

Running a business in South Africa has become increasingly difficult. The challenges range from the economic after-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to limited access to finance, increased global competition, shifting trade relations, technological change and governance issues.

As researchers with an interest in urban economies, we set out to understand the biggest challenges facing businesses wanting to grow in South Africa’s Western Cape province. The study involved surveying 426 businesses to draw on the views of employers directly.

Our findings show that their biggest constraints were shortages in digital, soft, and environmental sustainability skills. The gaps were the result of weaknesses in education and vocational training.

These findings align with problems in the broader South African labour market, like poor schooling, limited practical skills and a mismatch between what people learn and what employers actually need.

Skills shortages affect not only job seekers but also business productivity, growth and competitiveness.

Yet most firms in our study reported spending only 1%-4% of their wage bill on staff training.

We argue that educational and training institutions play a key role in developing skills, but businesses also have a responsibility to train and develop their employees.

Business challenged by lack of skills

This study gathered the views of 426 business owners and senior managers based on how various factors affected their operations. Those factors included institutions, infrastructure, labour markets, skills, product markets and the natural environment.

Skills shortages emerged as the leading challenge facing businesses in the Western Cape.

More than 70% of respondents said they struggled to find workers with the right skills.

Many believed schools and vocational colleges were not adequately preparing young people for the workplace. For example, 43% said that secondary school and vocational graduates possessed only basic workplace skills. Overall, businesses rated the skills gained through primary, secondary and vocational education as poor. About 58% said secondary education met some of the needs of a competitive economy, while 53% felt vocational education was only somewhat relevant to business needs, or not at all.


Read more: Coding in South African schools: what needs to happen to make it work


Just over half (52%) said university graduates had the skills their businesses required. Nearly half of employers remained unconvinced, however.

Most businesses also reported that their employees lacked strong mathematical and data skills. About 55% said workers demonstrated little or no proficiency in these areas, despite their importance to innovation, evidence-based planning and economic competitiveness.


Read more: Learning statistics through story: students get creative with numbers


Vocational training is weak

The study also shows that weaknesses in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system contribute to the skills gap. TVET institutions are intended to equip learners with practical, job-ready skills. But nearly 50% of employers said graduates still required practical training before they became productive.


Read more: Reforms to South Africa’s technical colleges keep failing students and employers: why?


In addition, 59% of employers believed that vocational education only partly met the economy’s needs, while 62% rated the quality and relevance of vocational training as poor for their business needs. Employers believed that stronger partnerships between training institutions and industry, together with more apprenticeships, workplace experience and updated curricula, could improve graduate readiness.

Digital skills are falling behind

Digital skills have become essential in business, but most employers believed workers were not keeping pace with these changes. At least 55% of the surveyed businesses believed their workforce had only basic digital skills and computer literacy. Just over half (52%) said it was difficult to find employees prepared for digital transformation. And 70% rated their workforce’s technology skills as poor or very poor. Employers believed these shortages limited innovation and productivity and weakened competitiveness.


Read more: Young South Africans are shut out from work: they need a chance to get digital skills


Soft skills matter too

Beyond technical skills, employers also reported a gap in “soft skills”, also known as interpersonal or people skills.

Creativity, problem-solving abilities, good work ethic and self-confidence were lacking. Over 60% of the employers rated their workforce’s skills in these areas as only “minimally” or “mildly” adequate.

This result highlights that the current education system does not do enough to develop skills that are important for critical thinking, decision-making, innovation, practical application of knowledge, and solving problems in the real world.


Read more: Millions of young South Africans are jobless: study finds that giving them ‘soft’ skills like networking helps their prospects


Environmental skills are scarce

As South Africa strives to build a greener economy, businesses need workers with environmental and sustainability skills. Many employers said these skills were scarce.

About 50% rated workers’ environmental awareness and knowledge of green practices as “minimally” adequate. Only 48% reported that they could find workers with these skills to a “mild” extent.

This suggests that more training in green skills may be needed. As environmental regulations tighten and demand for sustainable business practices grows, these shortages could limit businesses’ ability to compete in emerging green markets.


Read more: South Africa needs more nautical scientists and marine engineers – if you love the sea these may be the careers for you


Businesses need to invest more in training

Half the employers rated access to education and training services within their organisations as very limited or expensive. This indicates that both businesses and employees face barriers to getting quality training.

It highlights the need for greater investment in workplace skills development and improvements to the education system.


Read more: Mentorship programmes in Kenya can make graduates more employable. Here’s how one works


Closing the skills gaps would make businesses more productive and competitive, and more people would be able to find and keep jobs. Achieving this will require stronger partnerships among government, education and training providers, and businesses, as well as greater investment in workplace training.

– Skills shortages are holding back businesses in South Africa – survey finds the weak spots
– https://theconversation.com/skills-shortages-are-holding-back-businesses-in-south-africa-survey-finds-the-weak-spots-286978

Africa’s youth are finding jobs – but not the ones they imagined

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Sam Jones, Senior Research Fellow, World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), United Nations University

Each year, millions of young Africans enter the labour market in search of stable and fulfilling employment. In Mozambique alone, more than half a million young people join the workforce annually.

Many will find work in agriculture, but opportunities for formal employment remain limited. Even in urban areas, many jobs are informal, offering little security and falling short of the aspirations of an increasingly educated young population.

Since 2017, the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) has conducted surveys to trace the path of students from the classroom into the labour market.

We are researchers at Inclusive Growth in Mozambique, a research and capacity development initiative launched in 2015. Our recent statistical report provides a rare look at what actually happens when young people leave university and technical-vocational (TVET) colleges and enter the workforce. The study followed graduates from 2019 to 2024.

The evidence shows that most do find work, eventually, but often not the kind policymakers assume.

Close to half of graduates find a job in the first year after graduating. For the rest, it takes significantly longer. Only by the third or fourth year do the vast majority find work. And results vary widely, depending on the educational level (university or TVET), the type of course, and gender. The differences are seen not only in employability but also in early-career wages and the quality of work. There is a high rate of employee dissatisfaction with their jobs.

The graduates’ experience reveals the limits of the current labour market strategy of widening access to education. It’s doing so within an economy that isn’t growing fast enough, especially in creating formal employment. The results also underline the importance of strong evidence about the labour market and education.

The hidden story behind employment statistics

The young people in the study eventually found some form of work. Economic activity rates reached around 90% for university graduates after five years, and just under 80% for TVET graduates after four. Unemployment rates among them are lower than for other young people of the same age. University graduates showed a 7% unemployment rate in 2024 compared to nearer 19% among equal-aged young people (as per the 2022 national household survey).

At first glance, this looks like success. The reality is messier. The transition into employment is slow and uneven. Among university graduates, employment rises from about 69% soon after graduation to nearly 90% five years later – a gradual climb, not a quick absorption. For TVET graduates it’s slower still: starting near 42% and reaching only 79% after four years, with some slippage after that.

These averages also hide wide variation. Some graduates find work quickly; others cycle through job search, casual work and inactivity for years. The result is a “staggered” transition into stable employment. Some don’t make it.

Not all work is the same

Behind these slow transitions lies another problem: “employment”, as a statistic, blurs the line between simply being in work and having a decent, stable job.

Years after graduation, stable employment is still far from universal. About 72% of employed university graduates hold fixed positions with an employer (Figure 1). Among TVET graduates it’s only 39% (Figure 2), with far more reliance on self-employment and casual work (not always by choice).

Wage jobs are not always good jobs. Among TVET graduates, 42% lack a written contract and 41% aren’t registered for social security. Unsurprisingly, satisfaction is low: about two-thirds of university graduates and more than four-fifths of TVET graduates say they’re dissatisfied with their current work.

Figure 1: Occupation profile of university graduates, 2024. Source: Guiliche et al. (2026)
Figure 2: Occupation profile of TVET graduates, 2024. Source: Guiliche et al. (2026)

Training isn’t the whole answer

Much of Mozambique’s policy response to youth unemployment, as elsewhere, has focused on expanding education and training, especially TVET. It’s assumed that better skills mean better jobs.

The evidence partly bears this out: graduates in specialised fields such as health (up to 95% employment) and engineering (over 90%) do consistently better. But a skills-only approach has limits. Around 31% of university graduates and 43% of TVET graduates work in jobs unrelated to their field of study (Figures 3 and 4). Among TVET graduates, 32% say their job doesn’t even use the skills they trained for.

This points to a demand problem, not just a skills gap. In Mozambique, as across much of sub-Saharan Africa, economic growth has often come from capital-intensive sectors, like extractives, that create relatively few jobs. Growth and employment are becoming disconnected, and so are skills and opportunity.


Read more: Mozambique’s economy is failing: the tough policy choices that need to be made urgently


This challenge becomes even more stark when we realise how few young people graduate from universities and technical and vocational training schools in Mozambique. Close to 18,000 youngsters graduated from universities in 2017, with an average age of 26 years. Close to 16,000 graduated from TVET schools in 2019, with an average age of 22 years. This contrasts with 600,000 Mozambicans aged 18 years old, according to official estimates.

Each group of graduates represents around 2.5% of its age cohort. The fact that they face such difficulties in entering the labour market should come as a serious warning about the limits of post-school education as a way to get young people employed.

Figure 3: Skills mismatch by study area, university graduates. Source: Guiliche et al. (2026)
Figure 4: Skills mismatch by study area, TVET graduates. Source: Guiliche et al. (2026)

Rethinking the policy agenda

What does this mean for policymakers?

First, expanding training alone will not solve youth employment challenges. Skills development must go hand in hand with job creation, particularly in higher-productivity sectors.

Second, greater attention is needed on the transition from education to work. Many young graduates spend years on this. Internships, apprenticeships and effective career services can connect education systems more closely with employers.

Third, employment policy must focus not only on the number of jobs created, but also on their quality. However, policies that attempt to force formalisation too quickly or impose rigid labour regulations may have unintended effects, pushing more workers and firms into informality.

Finally, education policy should be evaluated against its intended purpose. TVET and university systems are designed to make an impact in the formal sector.

The fact that many graduates end up in informal work reflects the limited capacity of the formal economy to absorb skilled workers. Graduate informality mostly represents an under-use of human capital.

Effective higher education and TVET systems, by supplying the skills needed for innovation and productivity growth, help create the foundations of the formal economy.

Why better data matters

The value of our Mozambique tracer studies is in the method. By following the same people over time, it reveals how labour-market transitions actually unfold – something one-off surveys cannot capture. Yet this kind of longitudinal data remains scarce across low income Africa.

As the continent grapples with a fast-growing youth population, that evidence gap matters. Without it, policy risks being built on assumptions about how labour markets work, rather than evidence of how they actually do.

– Africa’s youth are finding jobs – but not the ones they imagined
– https://theconversation.com/africas-youth-are-finding-jobs-but-not-the-ones-they-imagined-287078