Empowering persons with disabilities for an inclusive society 

Source: Government of South Africa

By Phuti Mabelebele 

Imagine a South Africa where every individual, regardless of ability, has equal opportunity to thrive and contribute meaningfully. This is the type of an inclusive society we are striving to build as we concluded Disability Rights Awareness Month on the 3rd of December. 

Our commitment is to raise awareness of the rights of people with disabilities, bring to the fore challenges faced by people with disabilities and find ways to remove barriers that continue to marginalise people with disabilities.

Our nation has always found ways to rise above, and our people have found ways to overcome any obstacle. Last year Malwandla Baloyi, inspired the nation when she secured a spot among the country’s top 39 performing learners for the Class of 2024. She did so despite suffering from brittle bone disease, also known as Osteogenesis imperfecta, which is a genetic disease that causes bones to weaken and break easily. 

Her story of triumph was not in isolation, as a total of 3,321 learners with special education needs achieved bachelor passes, while learners with special education needs also earned 2,072 distinctions in the 2024 exams.

On the sports field our nation has superstars such as Kgothatso Montjane, who has been named South Africa’s disabled sportswoman of the year three times, in 2005, 2011 and 2015 and holds 29 singles titles in wheelchair tennis.

Stories such as these and other inspire us and show what is possible.  However, there are still many challenges and as government, we are the first to admit that despite South Africa’s progressive legislation, there isn’t always enough support for people with disabilities. They continue to face significant challenges that range from being excluded in participating meaningfully in the economy, employment and they still do not have adequate access to infrastructure and support services. 

Recent Employment Equity statistics show that people with disabilities make up about 1.2 percent of reported employees in the public service and 1.3% in the private sector. This is far below the 3 percent national benchmark and the 7 percent goal set for the public service. 

These concerning statistics can only be reversed by encouraging both the public and private sector to adopt a deliberate plan to employ people with disabilities. We owe to our founding fathers to ensure that we uphold the constitutional rights of all citizens including persons with disabilities. 

Government is already taking steps to address some of these challenges faced by people with disabilities through the advisory of the Presidential Working Group on Disability. These include increasing funding for disability-related programmes and services including education, employment, and healthcare services. The Presidential Working Group which was established in 2016 comprises of departments and civil society groups and is responsible for guiding on the implementation of policies aimed at advancing the rights of people with disabilities.   

One of the key achievements of the Working Group since its establishment is the recognition of South Africa Sign Language as an official language, a constitutional amendment successfully secured in 2022.

The Group is also working on several policies and legislation to ensure that we build an inclusive society.  
We are also pleased that some of our athletes with disabilities continue to inspire South Africans and contribute meaningfully to nation building through sport. They have made sent a string statement that when given resources and support, the sky is the limit.    

She believes that “society needs to understand that we are people first, who happen to have disabilities. There is nothing wrong with us. It is a lack of reasonable accommodation that prevents us from contributing meaningfully to the economy, sport, education, housing and transport.

Government remains committed to ensuring a South Africa that accommodates the needs of the disabled. Earlier this year for instance, South Africa celebrated Ms Kgothatso Montjane at the French Open Women’s Wheelchair Doubles title in Paris. 

Cabinet also congratulated South African wheelchair tennis players Donald Ramphadi and Kgothatso Montjane, who emerged as Grand Slam champions in their respective divisions at the prestigious Roland Garros tournament in France.

As part of observing Disability Rights Awareness Month, we are actively strengthening our partnerships to raise awareness with civil society and the private sector to intensify awareness efforts.

For instance, the Department of Employment and Labour (DEL), through its Public Employment Services (PES) branch hosted a strategic exhibition in KwaZulu-Natal as part of its commitment to promoting the employability and support of persons with disabilities. The exhibition raised awareness of available services and employment opportunities, particularly targeting individuals exiting special schools and those in remote areas. 

The key objective was to register Persons with Disability on the PES system and to establish a comprehensive database of support services available across KwaZulu-Natal. Through this initiative, the Department aims to demonstrate that disability should not be a barrier to success.

The exhibition showcased services from the Department of Employment and Labour, the Compensation Fund, and Supported Employment Enterprises, alongside NGOs, private sector organisations, and local municipalities. These stakeholders presented career pathways, entrepreneurial support, and other resources.

Special attention was given to the youth and persons with disability transitioning from special education, providing them with critical information for entering the workforce or pursuing further training. Additionally, the Department offered on-site services, including PES registration and employment counselling. 

Furthermore, entities such as the Small Enterprise Finance Agency, provides credit facilities to persons with disabilities to help them start or grow their own businesses through the Amavulandlela Funding Scheme. While organisations like the National Council of and for Persons with Disabilities (NCPD) run programs that create accessible, income-earning opportunities for people with disabilities.

As we conclude the Disability Rights Awareness Month, let us all work to combat stereotypes, prejudices and harmful practices relating to persons with disabilities in all spheres of life. Together we can break stereotypes and prejudice associated with people living with disability. 

By removing barriers and fostering inclusion, we can improve the quality of life for persons with disabilities and unlock their potential to contribute to national development.

*Phuthi Mabelebele is Chief Director for the Rights of Persons With Disabilities at the Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities.

President Ramaphosa hails new Sasol gas facility

Source: Government of South Africa

President Cyril Ramaphosa has welcomed the launch of Sasol’s new Integrated Processing Facility in Inhassoro, Mozambique, describing it as a milestone in South Africa–Mozambique energy cooperation and a model for regional development. 

Speaking at the ceremony on the margins of the 4th Mozambique–South Africa Bi-National Commission on Wednesday, President Ramaphosa said the facility represents years of joint exploration, investment and operational work to unlock Mozambique’s onshore hydrocarbon resources.

“This groundbreaking facility is a symbol of the longstanding energy cooperation between our two countries. We commend the government of Mozambique and Sasol for the realisation of a project that is vital to our shared energy security,” the President said. 

The plant forms part of the Production Sharing Agreement project, which will supply gas, light oil and cooking gas into the domestic market while also supporting power generation and downstream industries.

President Ramaphosa said the gas trade was central to strengthening regional economic infrastructure, especially as the Pande and Temane reserves approach depletion.

“Governments and private sector partners will need to be innovative and explore alternative sources,” he said, calling for joint investment in infrastructure, regulatory alignment and increased regional demand to attract upstream investment.

The President emphasised that the facility is not only an energy asset but also an economic catalyst for the surrounding communities. Local businesses in transport, catering, maintenance and services are expected to benefit, alongside direct employment and training opportunities.

“It is encouraging that there are plans to develop a pipeline of vocational and skills transfer programmes targeted at women and young people. This development approach places people at the centre,” he said. 

President Ramaphosa also welcomed Sasol’s commitment to high environmental, social and governance standards, noting planned efforts to reduce environmental impact, manage waste responsibly and mitigate risks to air, land and water.

“As we work collectively to overcome hunger, poverty and unemployment, we must ensure that no one is left behind. Ventures of this nature must transform the fortunes of the communities in which they operate,” he said. 

He praised engineers, contractors and workers from both countries for delivering the project, and thanked provincial leaders, the mayor of Inhassoro and traditional authorities for their support.

President Ramaphosa said the cooperation between South Africa and Mozambique in the energy sector continued to demonstrate the strength of their historic relationship. 

“Our two nations, which share a long and cherished tradition of solidarity, cooperation and mutual respect, are now on a new path of sustainable development and progress. 

“This spirit of our partnership bodes well for our collective efforts to promote and secure energy security in an extremely uncertain international economic environment,” he said. – SAnews.gov.za

MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2025 to Discuss Clean Energy and Industrial Development

Source: APO


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Mauritania has advanced its clean energy agenda with the August 2025 unveiling of a 160 MW solar plant, 60 MW wind farm and large-scale battery storage systems – all to be developed under a new public-private partnership framework. The announcement comes as the MSGBC basin undergoes rapid transformation in its energy sector, following the start of LNG production at the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim project earlier this year – a milestone set to reshape regional power generation, industrial expansion and export potential.

Amid this progress, the MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2025 conference and exhibition – taking place in Dakar from December 8-10 – will host a high-level session – Powering the MSGBC Region with Sustainable Technologies. Speakers include Katrin Puetz, Co-Founder of social business initiative BioGasUnite; a senior representative from Senegal’s body for oil and gas projects COS Petrogaz; Jonathan Ambrogi, Business Development Officer at consultancy firm EnGreen; and Jason Yang, General Manager at industrial manufacturer Neway Valve. The panelists will examine how emerging technologies, expanded gas and renewable capacity, and improved regulatory frameworks can accelerate energy security, industrial growth and sustainable development across the MSGBC region.

Explore opportunities, foster partnerships and stay at the forefront of the MSGBC region’s oil, gas and power sector. Visit www.MSGBCOilGasAndPower.com to secure your participation at the MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2025 conference. To sponsor or participate as a delegate, please contact sales@energycapitalpower.com.

Senegal continues to consolidate its position as a regional power hub through its upcoming Cap des Biches combined-cycle gas plant, which will add 300 MW to the national grid and support the country’s 2025 target of 30% renewables in its electricity mix. The project follows the start of the Sangomar oil field in mid-2024 – which has strengthened government revenue streams intended to support diversified industrial development – and ahead of the anticipated final investment decision on the Yakaar-Teranga gas project. Yakaar-Teranga further anchors Senegal’s strategy to deploy natural gas as a stabilizing bridge fuel.

The Gambia is similarly advancing its energy and regulatory landscape, with new petroleum exploration and production legislation under development and a fresh renewable energy partnership with Turkey aimed at expanding national infrastructure. These advancements align with the country’s goal of achieving 90% electrification by the end of 2025.

Mauritania’s position as a future global green hydrogen hub also forms a central part of the regional transition, marked by gigawatt-scale ventures such as the Aman project – which completed geological studies in March 2025 – and the Megaton Moon initiative, following its framework agreement signed in February 2025. Together, these projects aim to supply both domestic green industries such as green iron production and export markets in Europe.

Against this backdrop, the upcoming MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power conference will bring together industry leaders to examine how these emerging renewable, gas-to-power and hydrogen developments can accelerate sustainable growth across the region.

Powering the MSGBC Region with sustainable Technologies will be a critical session that reflects the basin’s rapid shift toward cleaner, more reliable energy systems. As new gas, renewable and hydrogen projects come online, this dialogue will help stakeholders chart a pathway to long-term energy security and industrial growth,” states Sandra Jeque, Events and Project Director, Energy Capital & Power.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Energy Capital & Power.

MSGBC Conference to Spotlight Regional Infrastructure, Logistics Opportunities

Source: APO

Major milestones across the MSGBC basin are accelerating the region’s rise as a leading African energy hub, with the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim (GTA) LNG project commencing commercial operations and Senegal’s Sangomar oilfield coming online. These achievements mark a decisive shift in the basin’s capabilities, positioning the MSGBC region as a growing exporter of both gas and liquids while attracting new waves of international investment. Yet as production scales upward, the region’s long-term competitiveness will hinge not only on what is produced, but on how efficiently those resources can reach global markets.

The upcoming MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2025 conference and exhibition will feature a panel session titled Integrated Infrastructure & Logistics: Beyond the Port to Global Markets. The session will focus on investment needs and opportunities in integrated infrastructure and logistics to connect the region’s expanding energy market and mineral resource production to regional and global markets. The panel will bring together senior representatives from key companies that play a significant role in the MSGBC region’s infrastructure and logistics landscape, including speakers from private equity firm Actis, industrial manufacturer Neway Valve, management firm EPCM Holdings and logistics provider Africa Global Logistics.

Explore opportunities, foster partnerships and stay at the forefront of the MSGBC region’s oil, gas and power sector. Visit www.MSGBCOilGasAndPower.com to secure your participation at the MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2025 conference. To sponsor or participate as a delegate, please contact sales@energycapitalpower.com.

The panel will highlight the importance of integrated infrastructure in enabling the development of the MSGBC region’s energy and mineral resources. The discussion is expected to cover multimodal transport infrastructure, including pipelines, ports and rail, as well as the role of logistics and industrial suppliers in supporting energy and mining projects. Attendees will have the opportunity to hear directly from companies that are actively contributing to the region’s growing energy and industrial sectors, including the GTA gas project, Mauritania’s Energy Service Zone and other key initiatives.

The MSGBC region’s energy and mineral sectors are increasingly drawing international attention, with investment focused on both export infrastructure and domestic industrialization. Integrated transport networks, including pipelines and regional rail connections, are critical to unlocking the economic potential of these resources. As such, the panel is set to provide insight into the companies, partnerships and infrastructure solutions that are shaping the MSGBC region’s ability to connect its production to global markets, while also supporting regional economic growth and industrial development.

“This panel underscores the critical role of integrated infrastructure and logistics in connecting the MSGBC region’s energy and mineral resources to regional and global markets. It will provide a platform for industry leaders to share insights on the partnerships and solutions driving economic growth and sustainable development across the basin,” states Sandra Jeque, Events and Project Director, Energy Capital & Power.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Energy Capital & Power.

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Ntuzuma pump station commissioned to enhance water security

Source: Government of South Africa

Residents in Ntuzuma, parts of KwaMashu, Inanda, and Durban north surrounding areas, will enjoy a more reliable water supply this Christmas following the completion and commissioning of the upgraded Ntuzuma Water Pump Station.

The eThekwini Municipality on Wednesday unveiled the upgraded state-of-the-art facility, marking a significant milestone in its ongoing efforts to stabilise and improve water services to the communities.

The event was attended by eThekwini Mayor Cyril Xaba, Chairperson of the Trading Services Committee Mdu Nkosi, and Deputy Chairperson Ayanda Ndlovu.

The pump station had been operating below capacity after its pumps reached the end of their design life. Its condition was worsened by a 2023 fire that caused major damage.

While emergency repairs allowed partial functionality to be restored, the municipality proceeded with a full functional upgrade of the facility.

The R56 million functional upgrade included enhancements to both mechanical and electrical components of the pumpstation, significantly improving the station’s performance, reliability, and resilience.

The improvements have already translated into better water supply for areas connected to the existing infrastructure network. The city is simultaneously undertaking additional projects to upgrade water infrastructure in areas still lacking adequate systems.

Speaking at the site, Mayor Xaba welcomed the completion of the project, describing it as part of the city’s progressive measures to improve service delivery in the water supply environment.

“I am excited with what we have achieved. The completion of the functional upgrade has improved the supply of water significantly and the councillors present here have confirmed this. This station has 15 pumps and standby pumps to assist in case of any challenge. We have also put modernised technology to be able to identify faults before they cause challenges,” the mayor said.

The revamped pump station is now fully automated and equipped with cutting-edge technology, the upgraded pumpstation features high-efficiency pumps, advanced control systems, and real-time monitoring tools designed to optimise performance and reduce operational downtime.

The pumpstation now operates in fully automated mode and enables control room to monitor its operation and respond to faults.

Xaba urged the community to protect water infrastructure from vandalism, noting that damage to pressure-reducing valves and other components contributes to intermittent water supply. – SAnews.gov.za
 

Government welcomes 0.5% GDP growth

Source: Government of South Africa

Thursday, December 4, 2025

Government has welcomed the latest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) results released by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), which show that the economy grew by 0.5% in the third quarter of 2025. 

“The growth marks the third consecutive quarter of growth following the 0.9% expansion in the second quarter. The continued improvement reflects the resilience of the South African economy and the impact of ongoing structural reforms to support inclusive and sustained growth,” the Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) said. 

The trade, catering and accommodation sector grew by 1.0%, supported by stronger retail, wholesale, tourism and food services activity, while the mining sector expanded by 2.3%, driven by platinum group metals, manganese ore and coal.

Growth was also recorded in finance, real estate and business services (up 0.3%), general government services (up 0.7%) and manufacturing (up 0.3%). 

The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector increased by 1.1%, supported by stronger performance in crops, horticulture and animal products.

“The GDP results show that while challenges remain, the economy is on a path of gradual recovery. Government will continue implementing measures to support growth, investment and job creation,” the GCIS said. – SAnews.gov.za

Pres Ramaphosa calls for bold business partnerships

Source: Government of South Africa

President Cyril Ramaphosa has called on South African and Mozambican businesses to move beyond cautious exploration toward bold partnership. 

The President was addressing the Business Forum on the sidelines of the 4th Mozambique–South Africa Bi-National Commission (BNC) in Vilankulo, on Wednesday.

“Together, South African and Mozambican businesses can achieve what neither can accomplish alone. I call upon our businesses to move beyond cautious exploration toward bold partnership. I call on them to identify specific projects, to commit the necessary resources and to execute with excellence,” the President said. 

He added that the strong turnout of business leaders from both countries underscored a shared commitment to strengthening economic ties built on struggle, solidarity and shared sacrifice.

He noted that total trade between South Africa and Mozambique had doubled between 2020 and 2024, demonstrating remarkable resilience and growth that directly translates into jobs, livelihoods and empowered communities on both sides of the border.

“Mozambique stands at a pivotal moment in its economic journey. Its extraordinary natural resources position it as a future economic powerhouse in our region,” President Ramaphosa said.

He highlighted natural gas, coal reserves, solar potential, arable land and a rapidly growing tourism sector as major opportunities for collaboration.

The President said the industrial sectors with the most promise for joint development include food and agro-processing, packaging, textiles, wood processing, building materials and metals. These align strongly with South Africa’s capabilities and provide scope for expanding value-added trade. 

While South Africa’s mineral exports dominate current trade flows, President Ramaphosa said both countries must work to diversify their economic relationship. 

“We must expand value-added products and services. This will create more jobs and transfer greater skills and technology,” he said.

Mozambique’s exports to South Africa are largely electrical energy, natural gas, coal, aluminium and agricultural products also present opportunities for diversification and deeper industrial integration.

South African investments in Mozambique span food and beverages, real estate, coal, oil and gas, business services and finance. These investments, President Ramaphosa said, bring not only capital but skills development, technology transfer and integration into regional and global value chains.

However, he cautioned that infrastructure gaps, customs delays, regulatory differences and limited access to finance continue to constrain trade. 

“These challenges are not insurmountable. They require sustained commitment from both governments, working in partnership with the private sector, to implement practical solutions. We must invest in cross-border infrastructure, harmonise regulations, simplify customs procedures and create one-stop shops for investors,” he said.

The President reiterated South Africa’s commitment to supporting companies operating in Mozambique, including improved commercial support through diplomatic missions and backing for regional infrastructure and skills development initiatives.

He emphasised that the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents a major opportunity for both nations to position themselves as gateways into wider African markets.

“The economic relationship we build today will determine the prosperity of our children tomorrow. We stand at a moment of extraordinary opportunity,” the President said. 

He commended the South African Chamber of Business in Mozambique, whose member companies have invested R160 billion in the country and employ 43,000 people, calling its launch a milestone for organised business engagement.

President Ramaphosa urged businesses from both countries to act decisively. 

“Let us demonstrate that African countries can work together to build prosperity, create opportunities and transform the lives of our people,” he said. 

READ | President Ramaphosa urges stronger economic integration, regional peace efforts

The Business Forum formed part of the programme for the 4th Mozambique–South Africa Bi-National Commission, co-chaired by President Ramaphosa and President Daniel Chapo. – SAnews.gov.za

Follow the Money: How Bank Accounts Expose Payroll Fraud

Source: APO

Payroll fraud creates considerable losses for South African companies and taxpayers. The Public Servant Association revealed that ghost employees are costing the public purse nearly R4 billion. The Chartered Institute of Payroll Professionals estimated that payroll fraud steals at least R100 million annually from businesses and represents roughly 10% of business fraud cases.

Yet, these are not the activities of mastermind criminals. Payroll fraud is often incredibly basic. But when there are dozens to thousands of employees on the books, detecting these crimes can be resource- and time-intensive.

Diligent monitoring, audits, and face-to-face confirmation campaigns will expose and discourage payroll fraud. But these approaches are often also resource intensive. Fortunately, there is another method that works well in the short term: checking bank account details.

Bank accounts don’t lie

Payroll criminals manipulate employee information. They can load ghost employees onto systems as new hires or edit existing records, such as those of departing employees, rather than remove them. They can abuse the profiles of infrequently paid employees such as contractors and freelancers, skimming money when legitimate payments aren’t due or adding inflated charges that are diverted to a different account.

They can also change banking details right before and after payroll runs, hoping to avoid detection since such changes can sidestep proper processes, hide inside dense financial records, and not show up unless there is an audit of payroll activities.

In all of these abuses, changes to banking details are the common thread, says Yolande Schoültz, founder of YSchoültz Attorneys | Conveyancers | Notaries.

“For payroll fraud to work, money to be misappropriated and to be fraudulently paid over to a bank account, there must be a change in banking details.”

Fraudsters alter payroll details, concealing their activities behind legitimate profiles and their role as system gatekeepers. However, most don’t go as far as to forge relevant documents such as bank confirmation letters. When organisations have processes that dictate how to legitimately change employee bank details, they will keep those documents on file. Looking for those anomalies will expose payroll fraud.

Each month, check the new employees and terminations. The new employee records should have corresponding bank documentation reflecting their banking account details. The records of former employees should not have new banking details. If you compare those groups with the documents you have on file, you’ll uncover irregularities.

“Even if that’s the only verification you do, you are still mitigating payroll fraud,” says Schoültz.

Signs of potential payroll fraud include:

  • New employees on payroll with no or lacking corresponding banking documentation
  • Profiles of terminated employees that are still active
  • Bank account changes on profiles of employees that receive infrequent or variable payments
  • Altered banking records with no corresponding documentation or requests
  • The same bank account details appearing on multiple records
  • Changes to banking details right before and after payroll runs

Monthly spot checks on new employee additions, or banking changes to terminated and infrequently paid employees, will show fraud patterns if there are any. Also conduct quarterly or biannual audits of payroll records, specifically looking for changes to banking details.

Simplifying fraud detection with technology

Why aren’t organisations conducting these checks? The first issue is that management of payroll departments is often ambiguous. Do they fall under finance or human resources?

“Should payroll be a part of HR or finance? It’s not either of the two; it’s both, with finance taking the lead. Nevertheless, payroll can often operate independently from finance. When requests for verifications arise, they simply export a file and forward it to finance, which often accepts it without further scrutiny,” says Schoültz.

The second is that conventional payroll software is typically isolated from people who should have oversight authority. Many companies still rely on payroll software that is at least 10 years old and typically lacks modern features such as remote access, ad hoc reporting, and integration with other business systems.

Modern payroll software that provides role-based access is a potent deterrent against payroll fraud because it removes barriers complicating payroll oversight, says Sandra Crous, MD of South African payroll and HR platform Deel Local Payroll.

“If you have a system where the head of HR or Finance can log in remotely and generate reports, you remove that isolation. They don’t need to go through the payroll staff to see what is going on. And if they use these measures to regularly check on new and terminated employees, emphasising bank account changes, they’ll uncover and discourage payroll fraud.”

Payroll fraud may lack sophistication, but its cumulative impact is devastating. Vigilance over bank account details is a simple yet effective way to expose and discourage these crimes. By scrutinising banking detail changes and leveraging modern payroll software for oversight without bottlenecks, organisations can dramatically reduce their vulnerability to payroll fraud.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Deel Local Payroll, powered by PaySpace.

For media queries please contact:
Victoria Lindsay
victoria@innocomm.co.za

About Deel Local Payroll:
Deel Local Payroll, powered by PaySpace, revolutionises payroll management. It offers online, multi-country payroll and HR management for businesses from start-ups through to enterprise in over 40 African countries, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, and Brazil.

Cloud-native, Deel Local Payroll, is scalable, configurable, highly secure, and easy-to-use—delivering anytime, anywhere access. It features payroll automation, self-service features, automatic legislation and feature updates, customised reporting, and more.

Since 2024, Deel Local Payroll has been part of Deel, operating as an independent subsidiary, serving its customers through the PaySpace platform.

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Becoming human in southern Africa: what ancient hunter-gatherer genomes reveal

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Marlize Lombard, Professor with Research Focus in Stone Age Archaeology, Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg

New genetic research is shedding light on some of the earliest chapters of our human history. In one of the largest studies of its kind, scientists analysed DNA from 28 individuals who lived in southern Africa between 10,200 and a few hundred years ago. The study provides more evidence that hunter-gatherers from southern Africa were some of the earliest modern human groups, with a genetic ancestry tracing back to about 300,000 years ago. Marlize Lombard, an archaeologist whose research focuses on the development of the human mind, breaks down the key findings.

Why did you study the DNA of ancient hunter-gatherers in southern Africa?

According to the genetic, palaeo-anthropological and archaeological evidence, modern humans – Homo sapiens – originated in Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago and then spread around the world. But the evolutionary process of exactly how, where and when this happened is debated.

Africa has the greatest human genetic diversity and the hunter-gatherers of southern Africa represent some of the oldest known genetic lineages. They can therefore reveal more about where and when we originated as a species.

After thousands of years of migration, modern African populations have a mixed genetic heritage. So their genomes are not very helpful for understanding our deep evolutionary history. For that, we need to look at genetic variation among individuals living before large-scale population movements on the continent.

In southern Africa, it means going back to before about 1,400-2,000 years ago. It also means that such rare ancient hunter-gatherer DNA can provide valuable information, not available in the DNA of living people.

What we specifically wanted to learn from the ancient southern African DNA was to which extent the biological and behavioural patterns we observe in the fossil and archaeological records were continuous and particular to the region.

For example, at a South African fossil-bearing site called Florisbad, we have a human skull dating to about 260,000 years ago that shows a possible transition from Homo heidelbergensis into Homo sapiens. And from about 100,000 years ago there was a rapid increase in technological innovations such as paint-making, glue-making and long-range weapon use.

We sequenced the DNA of 28 ancient individuals from what is now South Africa, all dating to the Holocene epoch that started about 11,700 years ago. DNA sequencing “reads” the order of the chemical base-pairs that make up an individual’s DNA. This helps us to reconstruct a person’s genome, or their complete set of genetic information. Among other things, it can tell us something about the individual’s biological and behavioural characteristics.

Eight of the individuals used to live near the coast at Matjes River, in today’s Western Cape province. Several others lived at inland sites across South Africa. We dated their remains with radiocarbon dating, finding that the oldest died about 10,200 years ago at Matjes River and the most recent died just 280 years ago in the Free State. (All DNA from archaeological contexts is scientifically known as ancient DNA.)

What did the DNA reveal?

Our study shows that the genetic makeup of the southern African hunter-gatherer population didn’t change much for 9,000 years across the whole of South Africa, not only in the southern Cape, even though their technologies and lifeways may have changed or differed during this time.

All ancient southern Africans dated to more than 1,400 years ago had some unique Homo sapiens genetic variations. The ancient DNA had genes associated with UV-light protection, skin diseases, and skin pigmentation. These could have been essential to life on southern Africa’s grasslands and fynbos. Among the genetic variants that were common to ancient and modern humans were genes related to kidney function (potentially connected to improved water-retention) and immune-system related genes.

About 40% of the ancient southern African genes are associated with neurons, brain growth and the way that human brains process information today. Some of these gene variants may have been involved in the evolution of how humans pay attention today. Attention is a cognitive or mental trait that seems to have evolved differently in African Homo sapiens compared to the now extinct Neanderthals and Denisovans from Eurasia. It may have played a role in the successful spread of Homo sapiens out of Africa after about 60,000 years ago.

What does this tell us about human evolution and population migration?

Our work shows that some biological adaptations for becoming modern humans were unique to southern African hunter-gatherers who lived in a relatively large, stable population for many thousands of years south of the Limpopo River.

Co-author and geneticist from Uppsala University in Sweden, Carina Schlebusch, commented that

Because we now have more unadmixed ancient genomes from southern Africa, we are gaining better population-level insights, and a much clearer foundation for understanding how modern humans evolved across Africa.

Our findings contrast with linguistic, archaeological and some early genetic studies pointing to a shared ancestry or long-term interaction between different regions of Africa. Instead, it seems that southern Africa may have offered humans a climate and landscape refuge where hunter-gatherers thrived, adapting to a place rich in plant and animal resources for 200,000 years or more. During this time, we see no genetic evidence for incoming populations. Instead, sometime after about 100,000-70,000 years ago, small groups of southern African hunter-gatherers may have wandered northwards, carrying with them some of their genetic and technological characteristics.

According to population geneticist Mattias Jakobsson at Uppsala University,

these ancient genomes tell us that southern Africa played a key role in the human journey, perhaps ‘the’ key role.

Up to now, humans seemed to have developed their modern anatomical (physical) form before they developed modern behaviour and thinking. Learning more about ancient genes could help to close this gap, especially once more becomes known from genetic studies of other ancient African forager groups, and indigenous peoples elsewhere on the globe.

– Becoming human in southern Africa: what ancient hunter-gatherer genomes reveal
– https://theconversation.com/becoming-human-in-southern-africa-what-ancient-hunter-gatherer-genomes-reveal-270378

BMA gears up for festive season operations

Source: Government of South Africa

Thursday, December 4, 2025

The Commissioner of the Border Management Authority (BMA), Dr Michael Masiapato, will on Sunday brief media on festive season law enforcement operations.

Masiapato is expected to give details of security arrangements for the busy 2025/26 festive period. 

The Commissioner will also provide a report on the work of the Authority for Quarter 2 of the 2025/2026 financial year, highlighting the recent movement patterns of people and goods across ports of entry.

The BMA will also announce important requirements for travellers at ports of entry for both the departure and the return legs of the festive season. – SAnews.gov.za