Ocean, desert rainfall and a parasitic disease: researchers connect patterns

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Adrià San José Plana, Recognised Researcher Earth Sciences – Global Health Resilience, Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS); Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)

Climate does more than shape the weather. It can influence when and where infectious diseases emerge by changing how disease-carrying vectors and animal hosts survive and behave. Scientists use weather data to anticipate some disease risks days or weeks ahead. But forecasting how those risks will change across seasons and years remains difficult. We asked Adrià San José Plana, a researcher in infectious disease modelling, and Xavier Rodó, a research professor and founding director of the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences in Barcelona, about their recent research.

What’s known about the relationship between climate and diseases?

Research has shown that vector-borne diseases – those transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies and other arthropods – are particularly sensitive to climate.

These insects are ectotherms, meaning that they do not regulate their internal temperature in the same way humans do. They are therefore strongly affected by environmental temperature. Temperature influences their survival and longevity, how frequently they bite, and how quickly pathogens develop inside them before they can be transmitted.

Rainfall and humidity also dramatically affect their breeding and influence vector abundance.

Climate also affects the spread of zoonotic diseases, but often through a different mechanism. This can happen when zoonotic host animals are forced to look for scarce food and move closer to human settlements.

What was the focus of your study?

Our research focused on cutaneous leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease transmitted by infected female sandflies. There are around 1 million cases a year of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the world. It’s rarely life-threatening and often resolves on its own, but it leaves skin lesions and ulcers that can last months or years. In some cases it leaves permanent scars and lasting physical, psychological and social harm, including stigma.

In north Africa, cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly caused by the zoonotic parasite Leishmania major, which is maintained in animal reservoirs, particularly rodents in arid environments close to villages.

In these settings, the disease is strongly associated with succulent, salt-tolerant desert shrubs. These plants provide rodents with an important source of food and vegetation cover. The burrows the rodents make beneath or near the vegetation provide shelter and suitable habitats for both rodents and sandflies.

Especially in Morocco, another form of the disease (Leishmania tropica) also circulates with humans as the main reservoir. It was included in our analysis too.

How does climate affect its spread?

Previous research has identified rainfall as an environmental factor influencing zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the region. This happens through a cascade of ecological effects: increased rainfall; growth of desert shrubs; more rodents and sandflies; greater transmission.

In the tropics, phenomena like El Niño create climate signals that are predictable months to years in advance. Diseases sensitive to temperature or rainfall can inherit some of that predictability.

Outside the tropics, the atmosphere usually loses its memory much faster. Knowing what the weather is doing today tells us much less about what conditions will be like months from now. That makes it much harder to predict climate conditions months ahead.

But could north Africa be different? We wanted to find out whether this region might have enough long-term climate predictability to allow us to forecast cutaneous leishmaniasis months ahead of time.

How did the north African climate help your research?

Rainfall is normally hard to predict because it depends on many competing processes at once: land-sea interactions, mountains, shifting moisture in the atmosphere. Pin down a signal in one of those processes, and the others tend to drown it out.

Sandfly from Tunisia. Adel Rhaim

North Africa’s arid zones are different. With few other rain-generating processes at play, rainfall there is governed almost entirely by one thing: large-scale westerly winds carrying Atlantic moisture inland. The desert acts as a filter, letting that single Atlantic influence show through clearly in local rainfall.

That makes the region promising to study: if the Atlantic circulation is predictable, and it strongly influences local rainfall, then rainfall – and potentially leishmaniasis transmission – may be predictable too.

What are your main findings?

We found that year-to-year changes in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in north Africa can be linked to climate variability originating in the Atlantic Ocean.

The chain is remarkably coherent:

  • Slowly varying temperatures in the Atlantic influence large-scale atmospheric circulation and the strength of westerly winds.

  • These winds transport moisture towards north Africa and influence rainfall in areas where leishmaniasis is transmitted.

  • Rainfall affects vegetation in the region’s arid ecosystems.

  • Changes in vegetation affect the rodent populations that act as reservoirs for leishmania major, as well as the conditions in which sandflies thrive.

These ecological changes are then reflected in changes in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission.

In other words, a climate signal that begins in the Atlantic can be linked to disease transmission in north Africa.

That Atlantic signal can also improve our ability to anticipate changes in leishmaniasis transmission.

What’s significant about what you’ve found?

Scientifically, the findings matter because they show long-range climate predictability isn’t limited to the tropics, where most seasonal forecasting research has focused. A signal originating in the Atlantic can travel through the atmosphere and local ecosystem and surface, months later, in patterns of disease transmission. Deserts may be especially good places to detect this kind of signal, precisely because their aridity strips out the competing processes that would otherwise mask it. Whether the same approach transfers to other diseases and regions depends on how tightly their local ecology is tied to rainfall.

From a public-health standpoint, the findings lay groundwork for forecasting cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco and Tunisia. The forecasts could give health authorities advance warning to ramp up surveillance, plan vector control and prepare health services.

– Ocean, desert rainfall and a parasitic disease: researchers connect patterns
– https://theconversation.com/ocean-desert-rainfall-and-a-parasitic-disease-researchers-connect-patterns-291759

National Dialogue gains momentum as South Africans help shape solutions

Source: Government of South Africa

National Dialogue gains momentum as South Africans help shape solutions

Growing participation in the National Dialogue signals that South Africans are ready to confront the country’s challenges openly and help shape practical solutions, says Deputy President Paul Mashatile.

“The pilot dialogues have shown that South Africans are eager to participate in shaping the future of our country. Our responsibility is to ensure that these voices are heard, that the process remains credible and inclusive, and that the outcomes translate into meaningful action that improves the lives of our people,” the Deputy President said in a statement on Wednesday.

Mashatile made the remarks after meeting the Steering Committee, which is working to build a National Dialogue that is inclusive, credible and responsive to the aspirations of South Africans.

Provincial governments and local stakeholders have supported security coordination, transport arrangements and regulatory approvals, underscoring the importance of a whole-of-society approach.

The Deputy President said these developments confirm that the vision of a citizen-led National Dialogue is gaining momentum across society.

In recent months, various sectors have convened meetings and dialogues on issues affecting South Africans.

Notable developments include:

  • The youth sector has developed its own coordination framework, resolved internal organisational matters and begun preparations for youth-led dialogue processes.
  • The sector representing people with disabilities has successfully convened consultations and provided valuable recommendations on accessibility, participation and inclusion.
  • Civil society, faith-based organisations, women, youth and other sectors have demonstrated a strong commitment to mobilising communities and preparing them to participate in the National Dialogue.

Mashatile welcomed the Steering Committee’s report on progress in advancing the National Dialogue.

He reiterated that the National Dialogue belongs to the people of South Africa.

“The conversations held thus far demonstrate that citizens are ready to engage honestly about the challenges facing our country and to contribute solutions,” he said.

After the upcoming Local Government Elections, the Deputy President emphasised that the Steering Committee should prioritise resolving all outstanding governance and participation matters in a way that strengthens unity and confidence in the process. He said every sector should finalise its implementation plan, mobilisation strategy and dialogue methodology. – SAnews.gov.za

nosihle

4

Private investment to drive Golden Mile redevelopment

Source: Government of South Africa

Private investment to drive Golden Mile redevelopment

More than R70 million in private investment has been secured for the redevelopment of 137 Lower Marine Parade on Durban’s Golden Mile, with total investment expected to approach R100 million once tenant fit-outs are completed.

The Golden Mile is a paved walkway stretch of beachfront, sandy coastline, and paved promenade in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.

The eThekwini Municipality said preferred bidder Imvusa (Pty) Ltd has secured funding for the redevelopment, which is expected to more than double the commercial space at the site from 1,700 square metres to 4,000 square metres.

“Construction is set to commence in January 2027, following the completion of statutory planning processes and the signing of leases,” the municipality said in a statement.

The municipality said signed leases are in place with several food and hospitality brands, including Steers, Fishaways, Debonairs Pizza, Wimpy, Milky Lane, Nonna’s Riviera, and Perere by Gushima.

Nonna’s Riviera will make its Durban debut as part of the development, expanding its presence beyond Johannesburg.

“The redevelopment will double permanent positions at the site from 85 to approximately 170, with Nonna’s Riviera accounting for 33 jobs. An additional 80 jobs will be created during construction,” the municipality said.

The project comes amid sustained growth along the beachfront promenade, which recorded 17.45 million pedestrian movements in 2025, a 20% single-year increase. A further 11.25 million pedestrian movements were recorded between January and September 2026.

Construction was rescheduled from June 2026 to conclude legal proceedings relating to vacant possession.

“Remaining occupants must vacate by 15 January 2027, with site handover taking place immediately after. The development aims to open for trading during the 2027/28 festive season,” the municipality said. – SAnews.gov.za

 

GabiK

5

Four arrested at alleged North West drug laboratory

Source: Government of South Africa

Four arrested at alleged North West drug laboratory

North West police have arrested four suspects at an alleged drug laboratory near Hartbeespoortdam.

Four firearms, including a rifle and three handguns, were also seized following the intelligence-driven operation.

“The Hartbeespoortdam South African Police Service (SAPS) Crime Prevention members received information regarding suspected illegal activities at the property, and the information was subsequently shared with Brits Crime Intelligence and Hartbeespoortdam K9 for further intelligence gathering and verification. 

“Upon arrival at the identified address…members found three females and one male. A search of the premises uncovered what appeared to be a drug laboratory, with processed drugs, a drug production mixture and equipment allegedly used in the manufacturing of drugs,” the SAPS statement read on Tuesday.

The four suspects are charged with possession of unlicensed firearms and ammunition, as well as dealing and manufacturing of drugs in terms of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992 (Act No. 140 of 1992).

They are expected to appear in the Brits Magistrate’s Court soon.

“The Provincial Commissioner of North West, Lieutenant General Arthur Peter Adams, commended the members for their swift response and collaboration, which led to the arrests.

He said the police remain committed to dismantling organised crime syndicates involved in the manufacturing and distribution of drugs and sent a stern warning to criminals that the South African Police Service remains resolute and relentless in the fight against crime.

“Police investigations into the matter and to determine the value of the seized drugs are continuing,” the statement concluded. – SAnews.gov.za

 

NeoB

0

South Africa prioritises gas and battery storage

Source: Government of South Africa

South Africa prioritises gas and battery storage

Government will prioritise gas-to-power and battery energy storage systems (BESS) to strengthen reliable electricity supply.

This is according to Electricity and Energy Minister, Dr Kgosientsho Ramokgopa, who announced the new Section 34 Determination for additional generation capacity over the 2026-2037 planning horizon at a media briefing on Wednesday. 

“This determination advances the seventh administration’s inclusive growth and employment and reduction of the cost-of-living impact on our people.

“This intervention must be read together with the three apex priorities of the seventh administration. The first one is about growing the South African economy and creating jobs. The second is to address the cost of living and also address poverty.

“I’m confident that this presents a new way, a blueprint of how we are addressing an immediate problem…technology gives us an opportunity to resolve that,” Ramokgopa explained.

He added that the prioritisation will respond to the electricity system’s “immediate requirements for storage, flexibility and dispatchable supply”.

“We are sitting with a new problem that…on the back of the clinical implementation of the Generation Recovery Plan by Eskom, we are sitting with surplus electricity on the system. That itself presents a major risk to the system.

“This intervention is to ensure that we avert the possibility of market failure…undermining our future ambition to procure new generation capacity from the private sector because financing will be very expensive as a result of this curtailment arrangement.

“We are going to increase the risk of these projects failing, so it’s important that we are able to make an intervention in relation to how we deal with curtailment. It also undermines the South African economy to benefit from this excess generation capacity, so we want to provide for storage,” the Minister said.

In a statement, the department said BESS is central to mitigating curtailment.

“Batteries can charge from electricity that would otherwise be curtailed and discharge during evening peaks or other periods of need. This will help convert surplus generation into usable electricity, while providing rapid balancing and grid support. 

“Storage must be located and operated where it can access surplus electricity and discharge without reproducing the network constraint. Procurement will therefore be aligned with the charging and discharge requirements of the System Operator, supported by enforceable availability and performance obligations,” the statement explained. 

The department noted that the country “already has a foundation for expanding this programme”.

By June last year, all five projects in the first battery storage bid window had “reached commercial close and entered construction, attracting R15.4 billion in investment”.

“The proposed 4,600 MW allocation will substantially expand the procurement of storage services,” the statement read.

Regarding gas-to-power, the proposed 5000MW allocation will complement storage by “providing dispatchable electricity when renewable output falls, or demand rises”. 

“Gas generation does not absorb surplus electricity. Its contribution depends on flexible operation that allows renewable generation to serve demand during high-output periods and supplies the remaining requirement when that output declines.

“Procurement design will address start-up times, ramping capability and minimum operating levels. Fuel availability, delivered gas prices, supporting port and pipeline infrastructure, grid connections and commissioning schedules will be assessed together. Affordability must be evaluated against the expected operating profile of the plants. 

Both storage and gas procurement will form part of government’s programme of transmission expansion, new industrial electricity demand and regional electricity trade.

“BESS can mitigate curtailment, but sustained progress also requires delivery of the grid infrastructure needed to move electricity to consumers. 

“The procurement programme will support local manufacturing, engineering, construction, skills development and broader ownership of energy infrastructure through measurable commitments,” the statement read. – SAnews.gov.za

 

NeoB

12

Secretary-General of Ministry of Foreign Affairs Meets Indian Ambassador

Source: Government of Qatar

Doha | October 07, 2026

HE Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Dr. Ahmed bin Hassan Al Hammadi met with HE Ambassador of the Republic of India to the State of Qatar Dr. K Srikar Reddy.
During the meeting, they discussed cooperation relations between the two countries and ways to support and enhance them, in addition to several topics of mutual interest. 

Secretary-General of Ministry of Foreign Affairs Meets Ambassador of Thailand

Source: Government of Qatar

Doha | October 07, 2026

HE Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Ahmed bin Hassan Al Hammadi, met with HE Ambassador of the Kingdom of Thailand to the State of Qatar, Pensom Lertsithichai.
During the meeting, they reviewed cooperative relations between the two countries and ways to support and enhance them, in addition to a number of topics of mutual interest.

Qatar Underscores Collective Action, Solidarity and Partnership as Key to Advancing Sustainable Development

Source: Government of Qatar

New York | October 07, 2026

The State of Qatar has reaffirmed that sustainable development is not merely a national responsibility, but a shared global endeavor requiring strengthened international cooperation grounded in solidarity and partnership. Qatar underscored its readiness to continue working with all Member States and the United Nations system to strengthen collective action and foster more resilient economies and societies.
Addressing the general debate of the Second Committee of the 81st session of the UN General Assembly, Third Secretary at Qatar’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations Mohamed Hassan Al Emadi said the session is taking place amid an increasingly challenging global development landscape, with developing countries confronting a complex and interconnected set of pressures, including shrinking fiscal space, widening financing and investment gaps, mounting debt burdens, the escalating impacts of climate change, disruptions to trade and supply chains, and the far-reaching consequences of conflicts and geopolitical crises.
He said Qatar continues to implement Qatar National Vision 2030, which provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable national development built around four interconnected pillars: human, social, economic and environmental development. He stressed that Qatar’s national experience demonstrates that investing in people is fundamental to advancing inclusive, comprehensive and sustainable development.
Al Emadi said artificial intelligence represents a far-reaching technological and economic transformation with considerable potential to accelerate development, while cautioning that it could also exacerbate existing inequalities if developing countries lack the infrastructure, capabilities and resources necessary to harness its benefits.
Against this backdrop, he said Qatar attaches particular importance to strengthening international cooperation on digital capacity building, expanding access to digital infrastructure, and promoting the safe, inclusive and equitable use of artificial intelligence.
He reaffirmed Qatar’s firm commitment to international cooperation and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, noting that the country translates these commitments into concrete partnerships and practical contributions through projects undertaken by the Qatar Fund for Development in cooperation with UN agencies, international financial institutions, governments and humanitarian organizations.
He said these efforts reflect Qatar’s commitment to advancing effective multilateral cooperation through financing, innovation, knowledge-sharing, capacity building and long-term partnerships.
Al Emadi said Qatar attaches particular importance to the least developed countries (LDCs), reaffirming its commitment to implementing the Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for 2022-2031 and strengthening international partnerships to support these countries in addressing structural challenges and accelerating sustainable development.
In this context, he highlighted Qatar’s readiness to host the Comprehensive High-Level Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Doha Programme of Action from March 25-27, 2027, in Doha, pursuant to UN General Assembly Resolution 80/150.
He said Qatar looks forward to the review serving as a key milestone in assessing progress, identifying gaps and challenges, and strengthening international partnerships to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Doha Programme of Action throughout the remainder of the decade.
Turning to UN reform, Al Emadi said Qatar views the UN80 Initiative as an opportunity to strengthen the United Nations’ capacity to fulfill its mandates with greater efficiency and effectiveness and to better serve its Member States.
He stressed that the reform process should be grounded in intergovernmental ownership and should contribute to reducing duplication, strengthening coherence across the UN development system, and enhancing the Organization’s efficiency and effectiveness in responding to global challenges.
Al Emadi said Qatar looks forward to the draft resolutions to be considered by the Second Committee during the session reflecting a spirit of consensus and partnership, with a focus on tangible outcomes, in line with the objectives of UN reform, the outcomes of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, and the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals.

Ntuli: Traditional leaders key to addressing community challenges

Source: Government of South Africa

Ntuli: Traditional leaders key to addressing community challenges

KwaZulu-Natal Premier Thamsanqa Ntuli has emphasised the important role of Amakhosi and Izinduna in identifying community challenges and ensuring that residents’ concerns and needs are communicated to government.

Ntuli was speaking during a meeting with traditional leaders on Tuesday, as part of efforts to strengthen collaboration between the provincial government and traditional leadership. 

The engagement provided Amakhosi and Izinduna with an opportunity to raise challenges affecting their respective communities directly with the Premier and discuss practical interventions to address them. 
The meeting also provided a platform for dialogue on how government and traditional leadership can work more closely to address issues affecting communities.

“Meaningful engagement with traditional leadership remains essential to ensuring that government understands the realities experienced by communities and can respond more effectively to their needs,” Ntuli said.

The Premier also stressed the importance of moving beyond identifying challenges towards developing practical solutions and ensuring that matters raised by communities are directed to the relevant government structures for attention.

He reaffirmed the provincial government’s commitment to maintaining an open, constructive relationship with traditional leadership, saying sustained cooperation will help strengthen service delivery, community development, and responsive governance.

Ntuli said sustained cooperation between government, Amakhosi and Izinduna will help in ensuring that communities remain active participants in shaping solutions to the challenges they face.

The meeting reaffirmed the provincial government’s commitment to strengthening partnerships with traditional leadership and ensuring that issues raised at grassroots level receive the necessary attention. – SAnews.gov.za

 

GabiK

4

Home Affairs condemns disinformation on Scalabrini judgement

Source: Government of South Africa

Home Affairs condemns disinformation on Scalabrini judgement

The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) has condemned disinformation about the Constitutional Court’s 7 July 2026 judgment in the Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town matter, which concerns the processing of asylum applications.

“Despite it being public knowledge that this case was vigorously opposed by the department and that it led to a binding ruling of the Constitutional Court, nefarious actors have launched a large scale disinformation campaign targeting the Minister of Home Affairs and other officials, claiming that the decision to suspend good cause interviews was taken at the initiative of the Minister, the department or political parties. This is categorically false,” the department said in a statement on Wednesday.

In July, the DHA said it would study the judgment handed down by the court in the matter between the Scalabrini Centre and the Minister of Home Affairs. 

The Scalabrini Centre is a non-profit organisation that assists migrants, refugees and local South Africans.

The case between the centre and the Minister concerns the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Refugees Act relating to the asylum application process. The Constitutional Court confirmed the Western Cape High Court’s declaration that these provisions were unconstitutional and invalid.

The court declared sections of the Refugees Act, which allowed for immigration officials to deport an asylum seeker if they are in the country without a transit visa, unconstitutional. A transit visa is issued at a port of entry to allow a person to travel to a refugee reception centre and apply for asylum.

The Scalabrini Centre, represented by Lawyers for Human Rights, challenged the Minister of Home Affairs regarding practices related to asylum seekers and the “good cause” interviews required for their applications. If applicants failed to meet these conditions, they had to provide immigration officers with a valid reason and show “good cause” for lacking the required visa. “Good cause” interviews were conducted to determine whether someone, who did not have the required documentation, could proceed with an asylum application.

READ | Home Affairs notes Constitutional Court judgment

The case was brought to the Western Cape High Court, where the applicants argued that certain provisions of the Refugees Act unjustly barred individuals with irregular immigration status from seeking asylum, violating their constitutional rights and international non-refoulement principles.

On Wednesday, the DHA said the Constitutional Court judgment is binding, adding that the “department is constitutionally obliged to implement”.

“An operational directive was subsequently issued solely to give effect to that judgment, as is standard practice to ensure compliance with rulings of the highest court in the land. Claims that this judgment by the Constitutional Court grants asylum seekers citizenship or provides for the blanket legalisation of foreign nationals are also categorically false.

“Respect for binding court judgments is fundamental to the rule of law and our constitutional democracy,” the DHA said.

The department said it will continue to fulfil its constitutional obligations, irrespective of whether it was successful in the litigation concerned.

“The matter will be referred to the Independent Electoral Commission for further action in terms of the newly published Code of Conduct on Countering Disinformation,” said the DHA.

The Code provides rail guards for the conduct of political parties, candidates and anyone acting on political parties’ or candidates’ instruction, authority or for reward across all election-related communication, whether online or offline, paid or unpaid. The Code protects legitimate debate and robust debate.

The department further called on South Africans to help combat the growing scourge of disinformation and incitement by verifying information. –SAnews.gov.za 

Edwin

4