Un conducteur de tuk-tuk de Freetown, premier patient opéré et libéré de ses souffrances à bord du Global Mercy

Source: Africa Press Organisation – French

Le Global Mercy™ (www.MercyShips.org), le plus grand navire-hôpital civil au monde exploité par l’ONG Mercy Ships, a officiellement démarré sa troisième mission consécutive en Sierra Leone, marquée par l’intervention du premier patient, Mohamed, un conducteur de tuk-tuk de 40 ans. Ce moment clé marque le renouvellement de la mission dédiée à l’espoir et la guérison tout en renforçant les systèmes anesthésiques et chirurgicaux du pays. 

Pendant plus de cinq ans, tout en parcourant les rues animées de Freetown sur son tricycle motorisé pour subvenir aux besoins de sa femme et de ses quatre enfants, Mohamed a souffert quotidiennement d’une hernie et malgré une gêne constante, la crainte des complications l’empêchait de se faire opérer. 

Contrairement aux pays à revenu élevé, les hernies restent souvent non traitées en Sierra Leone. Une enquête démographique (https://apo-opa.co/464vE81) a révélé une prévalence de 7,7 % des hernies chez les hommes adultes, l’une des plus élevées au monde.

Lorsque Mohamed a appris que le Global Mercy revenait en Sierra Leone, il a trouvé le courage de s’inscrire. Le 29 août, après un examen médical approfondi, il a pu recevoir une intervention chirurgicale, marquant ainsi le début officiel de cette nouvelle mission.

La veille, une cérémonie de bienvenue organisée à bord du Global Mercy a officiellement inauguré cette nouvelle mission. Des dirigeants gouvernementaux, des membres du corps diplomatique, des représentants d’églises, d’organisations à but non lucratif et du secteur privé se sont réunis pour célébrer ce nouveau chapitre. L’événement a permis de rappeler les réalisations passées et de définir une vision pleine d’espoir pour l’avenir.

C’est avec émotion que le Vice-Président Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh a évoqué l’impact du travail de Mercy Ships :

« Mercy Ships a dispensé des services chirurgicaux à des enfants qui ont ensuite pu réintégrer le système scolaire et leurs communautés. Ce service redonne espoir et dignité aux patients qui retrouvent la vue et, surtout, soutient des pays comme la Sierra Leone qui s’efforcent de renforcer leur personnel de santé. » 

Ces derniers jours, l’hôpital flottant s’est préparé au démarrage des interventions chirurgicales et toute la communauté hospitalière lui a rendu grâce. 

« Cette étape importante marque non seulement le début d’une nouvelle mission, mais témoigne également avec force du dévouement incroyable de nos bénévoles, dont l’engagement rend notre mission possible chaque jour », a déclaré le Dr Steven Purdon, le nouveau Directeur de l’hôpital. 

Le week-end précédant l’opération de Mohamed, le chirurgien bénévole Dr John Zwiacher, originaire d’Alaska, est arrivé à Freetown pour rejoindre l’équipe internationale de professionnels de santé à bord. Ses neuf missions avec Mercy Ships lui permettent de souligner la force de cette mission :

« Nous sommes tous issus des quatre coins du monde, du Canada, des États-Unis, du Royaume-Uni, de Suède et de bien d’autres pays encore. Peu importe notre langue ou notre origine, nous partageons tous le même objectif : opérer et soigner les patients. » 

L’opération d’une heure subie par Mohamed à bord du Global Mercy a permis de retirer sa hernie, marquant ainsi le début officiel de cette nouvelle mission en Sierra Leone. Pour Mohamed, c’est un tournant dans sa vie. Non seulement débarrassé de la douleur de sa hernie, il a aussi retrouvé sa dignité, un soulagement et de l’espoir pour l’avenir de sa famille.

Avec l’opération de Mohamed, le Global Mercy a démarré officiellement sa mission et se prépare à accueillir de nombreux autres patients à son bord.

Distribué par APO Group pour Mercy Ships.

Pour plus d’informations sur Mercy Ships, veuillez contacter :
international.media@mercyships.org

À PROPOS DE MERCY SHIPS :
Mercy Ships est une organisation humanitaire internationale qui déploie les deux plus grands navires-hôpitaux civils au monde, l’Africa Mercy® et le Global Mercy, pour fournir des soins de santé gratuits et de première qualité aux plus démunis. L’ONG internationale soutient également le développement des systèmes de santé des pays hôtes par la formation des professionnels de la santé et la rénovation d’infrastructures.

Fondé en Suisse en 1978 par Don et Deyon Stephens, Mercy Ships est intervenu dans 55 pays. A bord de ses navires, une moyenne de 2 500 bénévoles par an, issus de 60 pays, contribuent à l’œuvre de Mercy Ships. Des professionnels tels que chirurgiens, dentistes, personnel infirmier, formateurs dans le domaine de la santé, cuisiniers, marins, ingénieurs et agriculteurs dédient leur temps et leurs compétences à cette cause. Avec des bureaux dans 16 pays et un Centre opérationnel pour l’Afrique basé à Dakar, au Sénégal, Mercy Ships se met au service des nations en restaurant santé et dignité.

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Gabon : Son Excellence (S.E) Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema prend part à la 7e Session Extraordinaire de la Conférence des Chefs d’État de la Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)

Source: Africa Press Organisation – French

Le Président de la République, Chef de l’État, Chef du Gouvernement, Son Excellence Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, a participé ce jour à Malabo, en République de Guinée équatoriale, à la 7e Session Extraordinaire de la Conférence des Chefs d’État et de Gouvernement de la Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC).

Cette rencontre de haut niveau, présidée par Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République de Guinée équatoriale et Président en exercice de la CEEAC, a rassemblé plusieurs dirigeants de la sous-région, notamment ceux du Gabon, du Burundi, du Tchad, de la République centrafricaine et d’autres États membres.

Les travaux de la Conférence ont été marqués par les interventions de M. Abdou Abarry, Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général des Nations unies pour l’Afrique centrale et Chef de l’UNOCA, ainsi que de S.E. Gilberto Da Piedade Verissimo, Président sortant de la Commission de la CEEAC.

L’ordre du jour de cette session extraordinaire a principalement porté sur le renouvellement de l’organe exécutif de la Commission. Sur la base des recommandations issues du Conseil des ministres, la Conférence a approuvé la poursuite du processus de sélection des nouveaux membres de la Commission.

Par ailleurs, elle a entériné la nomination de l’Ambassadeur Ezéchiel Nibigira, ressortissant de la République du Burundi, au poste de Président de la Commission de la CEEAC pour un mandat de cinq (5) ans renouvelable.

Au terme de la session, les Chefs d’État ont rendu un vibrant hommage à l’Ambassadeur Gilberto Da Piedade Verissimo et à l’ensemble de son équipe sortante pour leur contribution significative au renforcement de l’intégration régionale et à la redynamisation institutionnelle de la CEEAC. Ils leur ont adressé leurs sincères remerciements pour les efforts déployés tout au long de leur mandat.

Distribué par APO Group pour Présidence de la République Gabonaise.

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Major Operators Double Down on Angolan Exploration & Production at Angola Oil & Gas (AOG) 2025

Source: APO

Leading operators active in Angola reaffirmed their commitment to driving Angola’s next phase of exploration and production during an ENSA-sponsored panel discussion at the Angola Oil & Gas 2025 Conference and Exhibition last week. Representatives from ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, Chevron, Sonangol and Cabship highlighted how the last 50 years of industry success has laid the foundation for Angola’s next phase of growth.

With a proven track record in delivering major offshore projects in Angola, ExxonMobil continues to invest heavily in exploration projects in the country. The company has made forays into frontier basins such as Namibe and is also reinvesting in producing assets with a view to maximize resources.

“ExxonMobil has produced more than 2.5 billion barrels and developed a capable workforce of over 200 people. After 30 plus years, we are still committed to many more years in Angola. ExxonMobil signed a license extension for Block 15 in 2025. These extensions enable further exploration. We also invested in Namibe last year, which is still an evaluation in progress,” stated Katrina Fisher, Country Manager, ExxonMobil Angola

With a rich history in Angola, TotalEnergies also reaffirmed its commitment investing in Angola’s oil future. The company enhanced its production capacity in Angola in 2025, with two major projects adding 60,000 bpd to the market. Looking ahead, the company will continue to bolster production, leveraging its history to deliver new projects.  

“Angola has not only progressed in developing and producing offshore projects but made the [global] oil and gas industry progress. TotalEnergies has accompanied the country through this move with a pioneering spirit. I am sure that this will continue,” stated Martin Deffontaines, Country Manager, TotalEnergies E&P Angola.

Meanwhile, Sonangol continues to advance onshore and offshore developments, seeking to support national production goals while consolidating its position as an upstream driver.

Edson Pongolola, Director of Planning & Management Control, Sonangol, stated that “As a company, Sonangol – built by the government – has a mission to drive the goals of Angola. Sonangol has been growing and is exposing itself to various sectors across the country. Using Sonangol as a vehicle for the growth of other sectors in Angola, the government has been promoting economic development.”

For Chevron, a strategic focus for the company’s future investments in Angola is natural gas. The company has been at the forefront of Angola’s natural gas development strategy, with offshore projects providing vital feedstock for the country’s Angola LNG project.

According to Frank Cassulo, Managing Director, Southern Africa Strategic Business Unit, Chevron, “We continue to think of a future where gas can help us transition and grow the economy. Angola LNG is almost at maximum capacity and we continue to look at opportunities to deliver that gas reliably.”

Celebrating 16 years of operations in 2025, Cabship continues to strengthen Angola’s logistics sector with a view to support upstream and downstream projects. The company has expanded its infrastructure portfolio in recent years, secured contracts with major operators and is working to introduce an offshore diving and offshore support company in the Cabinda Special Economic Zone.

João Filipe, Chairman & CEO of Cabship, highlighted the company’s capacity as a strong local partner for operators. He said: “We manage oil and gas units in Malongo. From this base, we expanded in Soyo and we also came to Luanda where we do work for SONILS and Azule Energy. Last week, we signed a new contract with Angola LNG. We have been trying to give value to the logistics ecosystem. We want to build strong relationships.”

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Energy Capital & Power.

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Kekeh Driver from Freetown Relieved of Painful Hernia in First Surgery On Board Global Mercy

Source: APO

The Global Mercy™ (www.MercyShips.org), the world’s largest purpose-built civilian hospital ship, has officially launched her third consecutive field service in Sierra Leone, with the successful surgery of its very first patient, 40-year-old kekeh driver Mohamed. This pivotal moment represents the beginning of a mission dedicated to providing hope and healing while strengthening the nation’s anesthetic and surgical systems.

For more than five years, Mohamed endured the daily pain of a hernia while navigating Freetown’s bustling streets to provide for his wife and four children. Despite the relentless discomfort, fear of complications kept him from seeking surgery.

Unlike in high-income countries, hernias often remain untreated in Sierra Leone. A population-based survey (https://apo-opa.co/464vE81) found a hernia prevalence of 7.7% among adult males, among the highest recorded globally.

When Mohamed heard that the Global Mercy was once again docked in Freetown, he found the courage to register. On August 29, after a thorough medical screening, he was cleared for surgery, marking the official start of this new season of service.

Shortly before, the field service was formally inaugurated with a Partner Welcome Event on board the Global Mercy. Government leaders, members of the diplomatic corps, churches, nonprofit organizations, and private sector representatives gathered to celebrate this new chapter. The event reflected on past achievements while setting a hopeful vision for the work ahead.

Vice president Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh was visibly moved as he reflected on the impact of Mercy Ships’ work:

“We have seen Mercy Ships providing clinical services to children who were then able to reintegrate into the school system and their communities. This is a service that restores hope and dignity to patients who regain their eyesight, and importantly, supports countries like Sierra Leone that are working to strengthen their healthcare workforce.”

The floating hospital has been fully prepared for the start of surgeries, and the entire hospital community gave thanks for this momentous beginning.

“This milestone marks also a powerful testament to the dedication of our incredible hospital volunteers, whose commitment makes our mission possible every day,” said Dr. Steven Purdon, newly appointed Hospital Director.

Before Mohamed’s surgery, volunteer surgeon Dr. John Zwiacher (USA) arrived in Freetown to join the international team of medical professionals serving on board. Having volunteered with Mercy Ships nine times, Dr. Zwiacher emphasized the strength of the mission.

“We’ve all come here from every corner of the world; Canada, USA, UK, Sweden, and so many others. No matter our language or background, we share the same purpose; to provide surgery and care for patients.”

Mohamed’s one-hour surgery on board the Global Mercy successfully removed his hernia. For Mohamed, this was a major hallmark in his life. This surgery not only removed this physical ailment, but restored dignity, relief, and hope for his family’s future.

“This surgery is going to have a huge impact,” said Dr. Zwiacher. “It allows Mohamed to return to work without pain.”

With Mohamed’s surgery complete, the Global Mercy has made an impactful start to her field service and looks forward to welcoming many more patients on board.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Mercy Ships.

For more information about Mercy Ships, contact:   
international.media@mercyships.org 

ABOUT MERCY SHIPS:
Mercy Ships operates hospital ships that deliver free surgeries and other healthcare services to those with little access to safe medical care. An international faith-based organization, Mercy Ships has focused entirely on partnering with African nations for the past three decades. Working with in-country partners, Mercy Ships also provides training to local healthcare professionals and supports the construction of in-country medical infrastructure to leave a lasting impact.      

Each year, more than 2,500 volunteer professionals from over 60 countries serve on board the world’s two largest non-governmental hospital ships, the Africa Mercy® and the Global Mercy™. Professionals such as surgeons, dentists, nurses, health trainers, cooks, and engineers dedicate their time and skills to accelerate access to safe surgical and anesthetic care. Mercy Ships was founded in 1978 and has offices in 16 countries as well as an Africa Service Center in Dakar, Senegal.

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Basirah training: Libyan media professionals strengthen digital research, fact-checking skills

Source: APO


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Thirty Libyan journalists, media professors, students and fact checkers joined a UNSMIL-backed online training session Thursday to sharpen their skills in digital research and verification, as part of wider efforts to strengthen the country’s media sector against the spread of false information.  

The Zoom-based workshop was organised by the UNSMIL as part of its Basirah professional development programme. Pamela Kesrouani from the Google News Initiative presented the training, which detailed how to use Google Fact Check Explorer, reverse image searchGoogle MapsGoogle Earth, and fact-check information panels on YouTube.  

“These tools don’t do the work for me,” she said. “They just help me. It remains essential for us to check a picture or a news story ourselves before presenting it to the public.”  

Concern about the manipulation or fabrication of information, images, audio and video is rising as more people exclusively get their news from social media and the use of artificial intelligence becomes more widespread, Kesrouani said, citing a study published by the Pew Research Center, which found people perceived misinformation on the Internet as a top global threat, second only to climate change.  

“Manipulating photos or video — whether by changing context or altering content with artificial intelligence — has become common during wars and natural disasters,” Kesrouani said. “Sometimes even the largest media outlets have used pictures in the wrong context.”  

Digital research and fact-checking training is essential for Libyan media professionals, participants said, because of an abundance of rumours, manipulation and a lack of transparency in local media, limited access to original sources, and quickly changing dynamics. They also expressed concern about the impact spreading misinformation and disinformation online on the security situation, by potentially deepening divisions or inciting conflict.  

Mahmoud Mukhtar, a fact checker from Tripoli who participated in the training, said he is finding it increasingly difficult to differentiate between authentic content and that created or manipulated using artificial intelligence or other techniques.  

“It’s becoming really hard to tell, even for someone who has worked with Photoshop, who knows how AI operates and has had fact-checking training,” he said. “Even using AI to detect AI use is limited in its efficacy.” 

Participants, in a post-training survey, said the skills they learnt, such as tips to cross check sources, verify source credibility and spot bias, would help strengthen their work. 

“I feel more confident in detecting misinformation after this session because I learnt step-by-step methods to check content,” said Suad Kashlout, a journalist from Zliten. “I now know how to identify red flags more effectively.”

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

President El-Sisi Meets Commander of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM)

Source: APO


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Today, President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi received Commander of the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) Admiral Brad Cooper at Al-Ittihadiya Palace.

The meeting was attended by Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Minister of Defense and Military Production General Abdel Mageed Saqr. From the US side, US Ambassador to Egypt Herro Mustafa, Senior Defense Official at the U.S. Embassy and Defense Attaché Colonel Jason Wimberly and Senior Advisor to the USCENTCOM Commander Gabrielle Lamport attended the meeting.

The Spokesman for the Presidency, Ambassador Mohamed El-Shennawy, said the CENTCOM Commander conveyed the greetings of US President Donald Trump to President El-Sisi, which the President appreciated, praising the deep historical relations between the two countries.

The meeting reaffirmed the strategic nature of Egyptian-American relations. President El-Sisi emphasized the importance of the “Bright Star 2025” military exercises as a continuation of the close security and defense cooperation between the two nations.

The meeting also covered ways to enhance and develop the bilateral partnership across various fields in a manner that serves the interests of both the Egyptian and American peoples, in addition to supporting joint coordination on regional and international issues of mutual concern.

There was agreement on the necessity of continuing close coordination between Egypt and the United States to contain the escalation in the Middle East and enhance efforts to maintain security, peace and stability, in light of the current security challenges.

Discussions also addressed developments in the Gaza Strip. President El-Sisi stressed the importance of the mediation undertaken by Egypt, the United States and Qatar to reach an immediate ceasefire, ensure the release of hostages and captives, and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to the Strip.

President El-Sisi affirmed Egypt’s continued intensive efforts to achieve calm and reduce tensions in a sustainable manner, so as to revive the political process and lead to lasting and just peace in the Middle East.

The meeting also addressed developments in several countries in the region. Both sides emphasized the importance of continuing cooperation and coordination between Egypt and the United States to contain regional escalation and support effective and sustainable political solutions to existing crises, therefore contributing to achieving development and prosperity for the region’s peoples.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

President Ramaphosa calls for strengthened multilateralism, equitable global trade

Source: Government of South Africa

President Cyril Ramaphosa has called on BRICS nations to take the lead in strengthening multilateralism and reshaping global trade to better serve developing economies.

Speaking at the virtual Extraordinary BRICS Leaders’ Meeting convened by Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on Monday, President Ramaphosa said the world was undergoing “seismic shifts” in trade and geopolitics that carried both opportunities and risks.

The extraordinary meeting was held to discuss current global geopolitical and economic issues that affect the state of the world and its multilateral system. 

“We are witnessing seismic shifts in global trade that present both challenges and opportunities in the re-ordering of the global economy. 

“There is a shift from a unipolar to a multipolar world. This moment is marked by intensifying global competition and growing geopolitical tensions,” President Ramaphosa told BRICS leaders. 

He warned that unilateral tariff actions were creating an “increasingly protectionist environment” that posed “great hardships and danger for the countries of the Global South.”

“The uncertainty of the new trading regime has already negatively affected employment levels in my own country South Africa and is an obstacle to our economic growth.
 
“We are therefore supportive of meaningful BRICS initiatives that improve the resilience of our economies as BRICS countries and those of the Global South and also strengthen the global multilateral system,” he said.

President Ramaphosa also urged BRICS to strengthen trade partnerships with Africa, Asia, the Gulf, the Americas and Europe while supporting reform of multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN).

“South Africa remains firm that the multilateral trading system with the WTO and the United Nations at their core must be preserved until all member states are able to reach their developmental goals,” he said.

The President stressed Africa’s potential in the global economy, saying: “Our vision is of Africa that is the beating heart of global trade engaging the world not as a mere exporter of raw materials, but as a creator of value, a connector of regions and a catalyst for shared prosperity.”

He reaffirmed South Africa’s support for WTO reforms, noting that developing economies remain locked into the lower end of global value chains.

On the global stage, President Ramaphosa called for urgent reform of the United Nations to ensure it is “inclusive, representative and fit for purpose,” adding that BRICS should play a critical role in strengthening the multilateral system.

Turning to ongoing conflicts, the President reiterated South Africa’s backing for peace efforts in Gaza. 

“That is why South Africa supports the call by Brazil for a ceasefire in Gaza, a two-state solution and self-determination for the Palestinian people,” he said.

He also announced that under South Africa’s G20 Presidency, the country had launched an Extraordinary Committee of Independent Experts on Global Wealth Inequality, chaired by Nobel Laureate Professor Joseph Stiglitz. The committee will deliver the first-ever G20 report on global inequality, its impact, and solutions for leaders.

Looking ahead, President Ramaphosa said BRICS should move “from crisis management to strategic action” by finalising and implementing the BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy 2030.

“For South Africa, a BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy that contains a meaningful way forward on addressing the imbalanced structure of BRICS trade would send a clear message to the world that all BRICS members are committed to mutually beneficial trade that addresses the needs and interests of all its members,” he said.

He urged BRICS to show leadership through cooperation and consensus. 

“Let us demonstrate how consensus is built through negotiation and not through coercion. Compromise and trade-offs are the foundation of mutually beneficial outcomes that tangibly improve the lives of our citizens,” he said. 

President Ramaphosa concluded his statement by calling for unity among BRICS nations. 

“Let us undertake all these important actions together, in a spirit of partnership and solidarity,” he said. – SAnews.gov.za

Ethiopia’s mega dam has taken 14 years to build: what it means for the Nile’s 11 river states and why it’s so controversial

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By John Mukum Mbaku, Professor, Weber State University

In April 2011, Ethiopia began construction of Africa’s largest hydroelectric dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), on the Blue Nile river. The dam is expected to generate more than 6,000 megawatts of electricity, effectively transforming Ethiopia into the continent’s largest power exporter.

The dam affects 11 countries, two downstream and nine upstream.

Addis Ababa completed construction of the US$4 billion-plus project in July 2025, mainly with funds sourced from Ethiopians at home and in the diaspora, with an official launch on 9 September 2025. John Mukum Mbaku, who has researched the governance of the Nile’s waters, explains the dam’s potential for Ethiopia – and the controversies that have dogged it.

What are the simmering tensions around the official launch of the dam?

The dispute over the allocation and use of the Nile waters has been going on for many years. This has been exacerbated by climate change, and increased demand for food and water from growing populations.

The 11 countries that share the waters of the Nile have competing development priorities too. These states include Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan, Rwanda, Tanzania and Kenya.

Egypt and Sudan lie downstream. They receive the river’s waters only after it has passed through the nine upstream states.

Initially, the downstream states, particularly Egypt, opposed the construction of the dam, arguing that it was a threat to their water rights.

However, Ethiopia powered ahead with construction. Egypt and Sudan then shifted negotiations to securing an agreement for filling and operating the dam.

The two downstream states had suggested that filling the dam should take about 12 to 21 years in order to protect their water supply. For domestic and political reasons, Addis Ababa prefered a shorter filling period. In addition, Egypt and Sudan argued that filling the reservoir without a legally binding agreement would disregard their interests and rights.

But with the dam now fully filled and due to be officially inaugurated on 9 September 2025, the issue of a binding agreement for filling the dam’s reservoir is moot.

Egypt and Sudan’s political and diplomatic efforts highlight what they say is the illegality of unilaterally operating the dam without a binding agreement. Despite the intervention of the African Union and the US government, as well as appeals by Egypt to the UN Security Council, the three countries haven’t been able to secure a deal.

The location of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Created with Datawrapper

Part of the reason is that Egypt has insisted that any negotiations on water allocation begin with the rights granted to it under its 1959 Nile Waters Treaty with Sudan.

Under this agreement, Egypt was granted 66% of the Nile’s estimated average annual water flow of 84 billion cubic metres. Sudan got 22%. The treaty ignores upstream countries’ legal claims to Nile waters, since 10 billion cubic metres were reserved for seepage and evaporation. Ethiopia’s highlands, for instance, supply more than 86% of the water that flows into the Nile River.

Egypt continues to argue that Ethiopia’s dam is a threat to its water security and that, if necessary, it will take measures to protect what it refers to as its “historical rights” to Nile waters.

Egypt relies on the Nile for more than 90% of its fresh water supplies. The country’s water needs have risen as its population has grown and its economy has expanded significantly.

However, Egypt and Sudan’s insistence on keeping their historical water shares cannot be considered equitable and reasonable. Additionally, Cairo doesn’t appear to be prioritising a water-use approach that acknowledges the legal claims of upstream states to the Nile’s waters.

Instead of improving and updating its water infrastructure, minimising wasteful irrigation practices and generally improving water use, Egypt has focused on grandiose mega projects that are putting significant stress on the region’s scarce water resources.

Sudan, which has been battling a devastating civil war since 2023, has raised concerns about Ethiopia’s dam affecting the operations of its own dams. This would make it more difficult to manage Khartoum’s development plans.

What makes agreement on the Nile so elusive?

The legal framework regulating the allocation of the Nile’s waters has been dominated by colonial-era agreements. These have been embraced by the two downstream states, Sudan and Egypt, but contested by the nine upstream ones.

Two of the most important of these agreements are the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and the 1959 Egypt-Sudan treaty.

The 1959 treaty augmented the water allocations granted to Egypt and Sudan by the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. These treaties also granted Egypt veto power over any construction projects on the Nile or its tributaries.

The terms of these treaties, however, are only possible if the nine upstream riparian states don’t access or utilise any water from the Nile and its tributaries.

Most importantly, they make the water rights of the other Nile countries dependent on Egypt and Sudan’s goodwill.

Ethiopia and other upstream states have long argued that they were not parties to the colonial-era treaties and are, therefore, not bound by them.

What international principles guide water use across borders?

The pillars of international transboundary water law are:

(i) equitable and reasonable use

(ii) the obligation not to cause significant harm

(iii) the duty to cooperate.

International legal scholars have noted that the 1959 Nile Treaty stands in sharp contrast to these principles. It disregards the sovereign rights of other riparian countries to their fair share of the Nile, and interferes with their development.

What does the dam promise for Ethiopians?

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is a symbol of national unity and pride. It is significant that construction was undertaken without reliance on financing from external actors, such as international financial institutions or major industrial countries.

The dam’s electricity output could potentially transform Ethiopia’s development.

First, the electricity would provide a reliable source of energy for rural industrialisation, reducing deforestation by eliminating the need for households to cut down trees for firewood.

Second, it would reduce the pollution associated with burning wood, dung and other forms of biomass for cooking and other activities.

Third, it would improve access to education, effectively providing light that enhances the ability of pupils to complete homework assignments and study at night. During hot seasons, the electricity generated could be used to cool classrooms, improving learning outcomes.

Finally, higher electricity output would boost internet connectivity in rural areas in Ethiopia, effectively boosting access to the outside world.

The dam could also help with flood control in Sudan and drought protection in Egypt – but only if the three countries work together.

– Ethiopia’s mega dam has taken 14 years to build: what it means for the Nile’s 11 river states and why it’s so controversial
– https://theconversation.com/ethiopias-mega-dam-has-taken-14-years-to-build-what-it-means-for-the-niles-11-river-states-and-why-its-so-controversial-264665

Baby turtles vanish into the Indian Ocean for years: now a model shows where they might go

Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Diane Le Gouvello, Postdoctoral fellow, Nelson Mandela University

All sea turtle species are threatened worldwide. They migrate long distances in the oceans – often thousands of kilometres – and so fall under multiple countries’ laws and conservation targets. They also have a complex life cycle with changes in habitats and diet at different life stages. These things make it difficult to protect them from threats like illegal harvesting, fisheries bycatch, coastal development, diseases and pollution.

Although they predictably return to the same nesting grounds on beaches where they were born, and the movements of adults have been well studied (mostly using satellite tracking), very little is known about their early life. Once newly hatched turtles enter the sea and disperse, they are gone for several years, also known as the “lost years”.

Recently emerged sea turtle hatchling. Diane le Gouvello, Author provided (no reuse)

It’s hard to track hatchlings because they are small (just a few centimetres long), many die, and the survivors grow fast (so tracking devices don’t stay on). But knowing more about where they go during these “lost years” would help conservation scientists to improve their chances of survival and thus ensure recruitment and population viability.

Computer models are valuable tools for predicting the distribution of organisms in the oceans. The Sea Turtle Active Movement Model, for example, has been used to suggest how young turtles might disperse in the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans – not only drifting in currents but actively swimming to their preferred habitats. The two most important factors are water temperature and food availability.


Read more: Seychelles: floating baby corals can help save damaged reefs – new study


I was part of a team of scientists in South Africa who worked with the creators of that model to set up a similar one for the western Indian Ocean turtles. These are the species that nest on the eastern coast of the African continent and offshore islands.

We knew something about the surface currents in the Indian Ocean, the sea temperatures, the tiny hatchlings’ swimming speed, their starting points, what food they might need to find, and their growth rate. All this could be combined in the model to calculate where they might be at different points in time. The model produced maps predicting the distribution of dispersal for each species of sea turtle in the western Indian Ocean.

We found that ocean currents were the most important driver of dispersal, as hatchlings’ swimming abilities are limited during the first year. Swimming becomes more important as the young turtles grow.

This was similar to the findings of other studies.

Young turtles don’t stay inside marine protected areas all the time. The maps we created can be used to show where and when they might be most vulnerable and which areas of the ocean are most important to protect.

Indian Ocean turtles

We chose to model the sea turtles of the western Indian Ocean for a few reasons. There are five species that nest here; all the countries on this coastline and offshore islands have turtle conservation and monitoring programmes; and the ocean currents are complex.

The five species are green turtles (Chelonia mydas); hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata); loggerheads (Caretta caretta); leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea); and olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea, which nest in smaller numbers and have not been included in our model). We had already studied their hatchling fitness, including their different swimming speeds, which was information the model would need.

Loggerhead female sea turtle coming ashore to nest. Diane le Gouvello, Author provided (no reuse)

The protected areas include South Africa’s iSimangaliso Wetland Park, a Unesco World Heritage Site. The turtle rookery there is about 200km long and has been monitored since 1963.

Our model also incorporated a high resolution ocean model of the Mozambique Channel, a very turbulent and dynamic oceanic region. It mostly flows southward, but eddies also send surface water in all directions. At the western end of the channel’s Agulhas Current, the Agulhas Rings also transport water into the South Atlantic Ocean, connecting the two ocean basins and a potential route for young turtles.

Water temperature matters too. Sea turtles do not regulate their own body temperature and the newly hatched turtles are less tolerant of temperature changes than adults are, but vary depending on the species. Temperature is more important for their survival than food is (their food requirements are easily met during the first year, as they are so small).

The model uses data on surface ocean currents and primary productivity (as a proxy for food availability). For each nesting site and species, we “released” 5,000 “virtual hatchlings” over a one-month period of peak hatching. The daily location of each virtual hatchling was recorded over one year. The model simulated young turtle dispersal and thereby estimated their potential distribution at an individual level. We then analysed this to predict their dispersal corridors at the population level.

Where young turtles go

Green turtle dispersal pathways from Aldabra. Colours indicate the number of days since release. Diane le Gouvello, Author provided (no reuse)

The study revealed that the young turtles mostly go from their hatching site to a particular developmental area (the place where they develop for the first years) even though these are sometimes very far apart. Dispersal is mostly driven by ocean currents (during the first year) but differs among species. When they are older, currents are less important in their dispersal, and they start to actively swim towards favourable ocean areas.

There were three distinct dispersal corridors: among equatorial Indian Ocean islands (hawksbills); along east Africa (green turtles); and around southern Africa (loggerheads and leatherbacks).

Turtle dispersal pathways and corridors. Diane le Gouvello, Author provided (no reuse)

The study allowed us to predict and map where critical dispersal habitats might be for four species nesting in this ocean region. It’s the first study to provide a regional-scale estimate of the dispersal pathways and corridors used by young turtles (individually and as populations), which are usually lacking in conservation assessments.

The results can also assist to develop more targeted management measures for conservation managers and policy makers, which will enhance the protection afforded to each of these threatened migratory species. The UN’s new high seas treaty will be instrumental in extending these actions into areas beyond national jurisdiction.

– Baby turtles vanish into the Indian Ocean for years: now a model shows where they might go
– https://theconversation.com/baby-turtles-vanish-into-the-indian-ocean-for-years-now-a-model-shows-where-they-might-go-261576

Supervision du suivi général de la campagne agricole 2025-2026 : Gaston DOSSOUHOUI échange avec les acteurs du secteur agricole et les rassure

Source: Africa Press Organisation – French


Du 3 au 6 septembre 2025, le Ministre de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de la Pêche, entouré de certains membres de son cabinet, a tenu des séances avec les acteurs agricoles de Bassila, Bantè, Cobly, Matéri et de Tanguiéta. Des séances au cours desquelles le point sur l’avancement de la campagne en cours a été fait.

Le point sur les conditions de déroulement de la campagne agricole 2025-2026 était nécessaire pour le Ministère et les acteurs agricoles, cinq mois après son lancement.

A Bassila comme à Tanguiéta, les acteurs venus des communes de Bassila, Bantè, Tanguiéta, Cobly et Matéri, se sont plaints, entre autres, des pluies tardives et de leur rareté à certains endroits ; des conditions difficiles d’accès aux engrais et semences ; des difficultés à l’accès aux crédits ; la non maîtrise totale de l’eau, de formation adéquate, surtout au profit des transformateurs et transformatrices, des conflits entre éleveurs et agriculteurs.

Cependant, les intervenants ont également apprécié les divers  accompagnements du  Gouvernement dont ils bénéficient, les différentes subventions sur les engrais, le prix de cession des plants performants des spéculations pérennes, les semences, les facilitations à l’accès aux crédits. Les acteurs n’ont pas oublié de reconnaître l’impact positif des réformes opérées dans le secteur depuis 2016.

Sur chaque préoccupation, le Ministre et les membres de son cabinet présents ont apporté des réponses et des conseils. Mieux, Gaston Cossi DOSSOUHOUI a tenu à passer aux acteurs agricoles un message précis. “Je suis venu vous apporter le message d’encouragement du Président de la République, Patrice TALON, parce qu’il sait que sans les agriculteurs, il n’aura pas la paix dans le pays et sans la paix, il n’y a pas de développement. Donc nous sommes des acteurs de paix et de développement”. Le ministre a ajouté que l’économie du Bénin est basée sur l’agriculture, mais reconnaît que pour l’agriculture conforte cette l’économie pour qu’elle soit résiliente, il faudrait que l’agriculture elle-même, quelles que soient les conditions, apporte à ceux qui y travaillent les revenus et la satisfaction qu’il faut. “Pour cela, l’État a des rôles à jouer, notamment, celui de créer les conditions favorables pour que toutes les activités agricoles se déroulent normalement. C’est ce qui justifie les centaines de milliards que l’Etat met en jeu pour que les engrais, les bonnes semences, et les facteurs de production restent disponibles à porter de main des acteurs agricoles”, a précisé le Ministre.

Selon le mode opératoire de la supervision, chaque séance est suivie d’une visite d’une exploitation agricole. 

A Bassila, la délégation s’est rendue sur la parcelle fourragère de 5 hectares de la coopérative des éleveurs de Kprèkètè. Une production de fourrage pour la sédentarisation des troupeaux prônée par le Gouvernement à travers le projet ProSeR pour réduire la transhumance des troupeaux et lutter contre les conflits entre éleveurs et agriculteurs.

A Tanguiéta, la délégation est allée sur l’exploitation de la Coopérative villageoise des Producteurs de Riz de Tiélé. Une coopérative active depuis 2013, constituée de 16 hommes et de 11 femmes, qui exploite des aménagements de 43 hectares.

La coopérative est dotée d’un magasin d’une capacité de 230 tonnes pour stocker ses productions.

Distribué par APO Group pour Gouvernement de la République du Bénin.