Category: Africa

Source: APO

A senior Eritrean delegation composed of Mr. Hagos Gebrehiwet, Head of PFDJ Economic Affairs, and Mr. Nesredin Mohammed Saleh, Minister of Trade and Industry, held talks with Mr. Waleed Alkhereiji, Saudi Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, in Riyadh this afternoon.

The extensive discussions focused on reviewing the progress of bilateral cooperation in various fields, their enhancement in the period ahead, and other issues of mutual interest.

The Eritrean delegation also met yesterday with senior officials of the Saudi Ministry of Energy and the Saudi National Oil Company (ARAMCO) to discuss concrete areas of mutual cooperation.

The meetings were attended by Mr. Berhane Gebrehiwot, Chief Executive Officer of the Housing and Commercial Bank of Eritrea, and Mrs. Weyni Gerezgiher, Charge d’ Affaires at the Eritrean Embassy in Saudi Arabia.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Ministry of Information, Eritrea.

Source: APO

Representatives of the European Union and EU Member States visited the ECOWAS Logistics Depot (ELD), Lungi, on 8 September 2026. The visit was intended to familiarise the delegation with the concept, facilities and operational role of the recently commissioned Depot and provide a better understanding of its place within the ECOWAS regional peace and security architecture.

The delegation included Mr Emilio Rossetti, Chargé d’Affaires of the European Union Delegation; Mr Olivier Huot, French Chargé d’Affaires; Ms Irene Toeller, German Chargé d’Affaires; and Mr Charlie Suilen, Regional Security Advisor, EU Delegation. The delegation was accompanied by Mr Funsho Ibrahim, Political Advisor, ECOWAS Res Rep Office, and Mr Joe Skeff, Managing Director, PROTEC Security Services.

The delegation was received by the Commander ELD, Navy Captain I. J. Akpa, who briefed the visitors on the mandate, facilities and evolving operational role of the Depot as an ECOWAS regional logistics capability supporting peace support operations, humanitarian assistance, emergency response and other mandated regional requirements. The engagement also provided an opportunity to clarify the concept and functions of the ELD and enhance understanding of its role within the ECOWAS regional logistics architecture.

The delegation subsequently toured Sites 1 and 2 of the Depot, including the administrative, warehouse, residential and other support facilities. The representatives expressed appreciation for the facilities and indicated that the visit had provided a clearer understanding of the mandate, capabilities and potential utility of the ELD.

The visit forms part of the ELD’s continuing engagement with relevant regional and international partners following its commissioning on 18 July 2026, as the Depot develops its role as a strategic regional logistics capability for ECOWAS.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Source: APO

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The Republic of Senegal, with support from the African Energy Commission (AFREC) and technical assistance from the European Union (EU) funded Continental Energy Programme in Africa (CEPA), has developed a new National Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan (NEESAP) to improve its energy productivity. This was alongside introducing Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) Guidelines and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) adapted to the Senegal context. 

The Agency for Energy Economy and Management (AEME) under Senegal’s Ministry of Energy and Petroleum presented the results to around 60 representatives from government institutions, the private sector, financial institutions, professional bodies, and development partners in Dakar on 10 September. Stakeholders reviewed the proposed NEESAP, action plan and building-efficiency instruments and provided recommendations to strengthen their alignment with Senegal’s national priorities.

Senegal, one of four countries in the first pilot phase, alongside Burundi, Madagascar and Zimbabwe, could through this modelling process increase its energy productivity and exceed continental targets established under the African Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan (AfEES).“The results of the modelling show that Senegal has the strategic and operational levers to increase its energy productivity by 70% by 2050 and 100% by 2063, thereby exceeding the continental targets,” said Mame Coumba Ndiaye, Director General of AEME.

Energy Efficiency is being positioned as a key component of Senegal’s long-term energy transition and development agenda as the country faces rising energy demand, increasing energy costs, rapid urbanisation and the need to improve economic competitiveness. 

For AFREC, the Senegal work demonstrates how a continental African Union Strategy can be translated into country-level action while maintaining national ownership. “A continental strategy only has value when it translates into tangible results at country level. We are not developing strategies for countries; we are developing them with countries, under their leadership and according to their priorities,” said Mr. Mehdi Khouili, the Country Support and Capacity Building Officer at AFREC. “Senegal is showing how Africa’s continental energy efficiency ambition can be translated into concrete national action. Our next challenge is to move together from strategy to implementation, and thereafter to measurable results.”

The NEESAP and associated building-efficiency instruments were developed through national consultations, data collection, technical analysis and energy efficiency modelling, supported by successive engagements with Senegalese institutions. The approach is intended to identify priority measures, clarify institutional responsibilities and establish a basis for programmes and investments that can deliver measurable energy savings. 

Following the Dakar workshop, the proposed strategy, action plan and building-performance instruments will be refined and finalised based on stakeholder inputs. AFREC will continue working with AEME and other national stakeholders to support capacity development, monitoring and results measurement, knowledge exchange and engagement with technical and financial partners as Senegal moves towards implementation. 

Lessons generated from Senegal and the other three pilot countries will be used to refine the methodology and inform its wider application across African Union Member States, while enabling participating to share experiences and solutions through peer learning. 

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of African Union (AU).

Source: APO

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Key points

• 7,200 Ebola cases and nearly 3,500 deaths reported 
• Outbreak spreading across an area covering two time zones 
• Insecurity, poor roads and funding gaps are hampering response 
• Weekly cases are doubling in parts of North Kivu

“If we don’t have the resources, the epidemic will come back…it remains a deadly and massive epidemic,” stressed Julien Harneis, UN Special Ebola Coordinator.

Latest data from 12 September indicates 7,200 reported cases of Ebola and close to 3,500 deaths across 62 health zones, according to the UN World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is now present in seven provinces “covering a very vast geographic area”, said Dr Olivier le Polain, Unit Head for Epidemiology and Analytics for Response at WHO. 

“Although the response has been unprecedented in its scale, the epidemic continues to expand.”

In partnership with the authorities, UN agencies and partners have been assisting in tackling the Ebola Bundibugyo virus outbreak since the emergency was declared in mid-May.

But there are immense challenges involved in working in resource-rich regions where populations have experienced decades of violent insecurity and development setbacks.

Hard to reach

“[In] many areas, the roads are massive potholes – not even potholes – trucks disappear into the mud; [in] many areas, the access, even by small plane, is complicated. And then there’s violence against the response,” explained Mr. Harneis. 

“We have cases in Bunia, in Ituri and in the far other end of the country in Sud-Ubangi, that is like a distance from Geneva to Dublin.”

The veteran aid coordinator warned that the $1.3 billion humanitarian response is only 49 per cent funded, while Ebola “makes things much worse for all Congolese, “from worsening hunger levels to falling attendance at health centres, increases in maternal mortality” and interrupted treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS.

“We’ve done a lot of positive work through the scaling up bed capacity, but unless we get more specialized medical care, we will eventually come to a plateau,” Mr. Harneis continued, stressing the need for countries to deploy international emergency medical teams immediately.

The ‘live enemy’

“If you don’t provide the care, if you don’t finance the care, if you don’t provide the technical resources, then Ebola is a live enemy and will come back at us,” he warned, adding that another $1 billion will be needed to sustain the response beyond the first six months. 

“There’s been some indication from Member States that they might be prepared to send those teams, but we need a far greater support and dedication of those resources.”

The Ebola outbreak continues to unfold in areas of great humanitarian need and will take “many, many months to get this outbreak under control fully”, insisted WHO’s Dr le Polain. 

The epidemiologist described how infections were beginning to decrease in some areas but rise “exponentially” in others, including North Kivu, where the number of weekly cases has now doubled, from about 100 to 200 cases. “We’re worried about particularly Butembo and Katwa”, a major axis in the northern part of North Kivu, the WHO official explained.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of UN News.

Source: APO

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Algeria’s authorities must immediately abandon any plans to expand the scope of the death penalty or resume executions after more than three decades without carrying one out, said Amnesty International as the government examines amendments to the penal code that would broaden the use of the death penalty. The organization calls on Algeria’s authorities to immediately establish an official moratorium as a first step towards fully abolishing the death penalty. It also urges the authorities to adopt a human-rights centred response to the recent devastating wildfires, including by ensuring effective investigations into all factors that led to the tragic loss of life and accountability without resort to the death penalty. 

On 30 August, Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune instructed the Minister of Justice to amend the Penal Code by 15 September to “reintroduce” the death penalty for intentionally starting or instigating fires.  He stressed that anyone sentenced to death would face execution as soon as they have exhausted their right of appeal. The directive came in the wake of deadly wildfires that erupted between 26 and 30 August, wiping out entire villages across the Kabylie region and other parts of northeastern Algeria. On 6 September, the government started examining the proposed draft amendments to the Penal Code and the president indicated that they would further introduce the death penalty for “child abductors and abusers”.  

“The devastation and loss of life caused by these fires is a profound tragedy and should spur the Algerian authorities into taking immediate steps focusing both on prevention and accountability. But walking back from over 30 years without executions is a deeply retrograde response that runs counter to respect for the right to life,” said Nadege Lahmar, Algeria Researcher.

“It is also at odd with Algeria’s international human rights obligations, in addition to its consistent support to UN General Assembly resolutions calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty.”  

Amnesty International considers the death penalty to be a violation of the right to life and the ultimate cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment; which does not have a unique deterrent effect on crime and perpetuates a cycle of violence. 

In addition to drawing from previous research into politically motivated trials in Algeria, Amnesty International reviewed public statements from the Algerian government as well as media reports since the eruption of the fires and analyzed relevant legal provisions relating to arson. On 7 September Amnesty International shared its concerns and recommendations with the Algerian authorities. No response has been received at the time of writing.  

Wildfires should not be used to justify repression

The Algerian government has not shared comprehensive figures of deaths and injuries from the fires. Official government figures on 26 August recorded 12 deaths and 54 hospitalizations, but credible sources have since reported significantly higher casualties, including over 70 deaths in a single municipality. In July, separate wildfires killed six people also in the northeast. While authorities linked the July fires to a severe heatwave and previously described wildfires as a major risk and structural challenge exacerbated by climate change, in August, the Algerian president pointed to the responsibility of criminal elements “attempting to weaken Algeria and undermine its unity”.  

Between 26 July and 10 September, the authorities announced the detentions of 20 people pending investigations for arson and “subversion” – a terrorism-related charge punished by a mandatory death penalty. They claimed a supporter of the Movement for the Self-determination of Kabylie (MAK), a political opposition group which the Algerian authorities designated as “terrorist”, was among those detained.  

Algerian authorities have previously used wildfires to justify repression and resort to the death penalty. Following the August 2021 wildfires in northeastern Algeria, which killed at least 90 people, the authorities blamed political opposition groups, primarily the MAK, and prosecuted scores of people on terrorism-related and other serious charges. In November 2022, a court convicted and sentenced 56 people to death in a mass trial marred by gross fair trial violations and torture allegations that were not investigated; at least 10 among them were sentenced to death based on their political affiliations. The Supreme Court subsequently ordered a retrial, which commenced on 1 March 2026.  

Courts have also resorted to politically motivated terrorism-related charges sanctioned by death to prosecute peaceful activists in at least two other cases unrelated to wildfires since 2021. This record makes the proposed expansion of the death penalty all the more alarming.  

Need for a human rights-centred response

As Algeria faces increasingly frequent and severe wildfires in the context of worsening global heating due to climate change, the authorities should focus on protecting lives, strengthening prevention and emergency response – including by addressing the root causes of climate exacerbated disasters, and ensuring credible investigations and accountability. 

“Accountability for the devastating loss of life caused by wildfires cannot be reduced to pursuing alleged perpetrators of arson. Authorities must conduct thorough, independent, impartial, and transparent investigations into all factors that caused or contributed to the fires and loss of life, including any failures by public officials and shortcomings in prevention, preparedness and emergency response,” said Nadege Lahmar.

“The findings must be made public and where there is sufficient evidence of criminal responsibility, those responsible must be prosecuted in fair proceedings that exclude resort to the death penalty. Survivors and families also have a right to timely, accessible and accurate information regarding those missing or deceased.”  

Background

Under current Algerian law, arson carries penalties ranging from three years to life imprisonment and the death penalty if it causes death. Although Algeria has not carried out executions since 1993, courts continue to impose death sentences most commonly for murder. In July 2025, authorities already broadened the scope of the death penalty to include several drug-related offences.   

Algeria is party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which restricts the use of the death penalty to the “most serious crimes”, interpreted as offences involving intentional killing; and sets its abolition as a goal in countries that still retain this cruel punishment. In line with Article 6 of the ICCPR, the UN Human Rights Committee stated that “state parties may not transform into a capital offence any offence that, upon ratification of the [ICCPR] or at any time thereafter, did not entail the death penalty” nor should they increase its application. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally, in all cases and under any circumstances.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Amnesty International.

Source: APO

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On September 15, Counsellor Jin Jun attended the 2026 Africa Critical Minerals Conference hosted by Shanghai Metals Market (SMM). Mr. Chilengi, Acting Permanent Secretary of Zambia’s Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development, and Mr. Halwampa, Director General of the Zambia Development Agency, attended the conference, along with Mr. Wang Jingjun, President of the Chinese Mining Enterprises Association in Zambia, and about 400 other participants.

Counsellor Jin said that China-Zambia mining cooperation is an important component of the practical cooperation between the two countries. Chinese mining enterprises operate in compliance with laws and regulations, actively fulfill their social responsibilities, and focus on promoting the green and intelligent development of Zambia’s mining industry. He expressed that all sectors of Zambian society sould view bilateral mining cooperation fairly and objectively and support the continued development of practical cooperation between China and Zambia.

Chilengi and Halwampa spoke highly of Zambia-China mining cooperation, pointing out that Chinese mining enterprises have made important contributions to Zambia’s mining development and economic growth. Zambia will continue to improve its mining legal system, provide a fair, transparent, and predictable policy environment, and welcome more Chinese enterprises to expand mining investment in Zambia, so as to jointly achieve the new government’s goal of producing 3 million tonnes of copper annually.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Zambia.

Source: APO

Africans are becoming less insistent on democracy and increasingly open to authoritarian forms of government, especially military rule, the latest Afrobarometer Pan-Africa Profile (https://apo-opa.co/4yBXvrp) reports.

Over the past decade, Afrobarometer findings have consistently shown popular demand for democracy outstripping its perceived supply, laying bare a persistent gap between how Africans want to be governed and what their political regimes provide. But new data from 38 African countries reveal a shift: The gap between demand for and supply of democracy is narrowing, not because democratic performance has improved significantly, but because popular demand for democracy is weakening.

The report shows that while a majority of Africans say they support democracy, only about one-third express a full “demand for democracy,” meaning they prefer democracy over any other regime and also reject three authoritarian alternatives.

Fewer than half of citizens describe their countries as democracies, and far fewer are satisfied with the way democracy works in their country.

The analysis, based on 50,961 face-to-face interviews in 2024/2025, suggests that demand for democracy is declining because of increasingly negative citizen evaluations of government performance.

Key findings

Support for democracy and opposition to alternatives

• Strong majorities say they prefer democracy (64%) and reject three types of authoritarianism: one-person rule (79%), one-party rule (76%), and military rule (65%) (Figure 1).
  • But all four indicators of democratic support have weakened over the past decade, including an 11-percentage-point drop in opposition to military rule (Figure 2).
• Only slightly more than one-third (36%) of Africans express a full “demand for democracy,” meaning they prefer democracy over any other regime and also reject all three authoritarian alternatives (Figure 3). This share of “committed democrats” varies widely by country, from just 8% in Mali to 64% in Zambia.
• On average across 29 countries surveyed consistently over the past decade, demand for democracy has declined by 10 percentage points, with drops ranging up to 37 points in Gabon (Figure 4).
• Fewer than half of Africans consider their country a democracy (47%) and say they are satisfied with the way democracy works in their country (38%) (Figure 5).
• While demand for democracy still exceeds its perceived supply, the gap has narrowed from 11 to 4 percentage points since 2014/2015 (Figure 6).
• Analysis of the data reveals that increasingly negative evaluations of government performance are a key factor associated with the decline in popular commitment to democracy.

Afrobarometer surveys

Afrobarometer is a pan-African, nonpartisan survey research network that provides reliable data on African experiences and evaluations of democracy, governance, and quality of life. Ten survey rounds in up to 45 countries have been completed since 1999. Round 10 surveys (2024/2025) cover 38 countries.

Afrobarometer’s National Partners conduct face-to-face interviews with nationally representative samples of adults in the language of the respondent’s choice that yield country-level results with margins of error of +/-2 to +/-3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level. For more on the sampling methodology, click here (https://apo-opa.co/46sb54z).

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Afrobarometer.

For more information, please contact:
Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye Sanny
Afrobarometer director of communications
Email: jappiah@afrobarometer.org
Telephone: +233243240933

Visit us online at www.Afrobarometer.org.

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Source: APO

The Islamic Development Bank Institute (IsDBI) (https://IsDBInstitute.org/) is delighted to announce the launch of an enhanced version of its pioneering e-Book Reader, designed to give users seamless access to publications in Islamic economics, finance, and sustainable development.

Originally launched in 2022 as an app for smart devices, the IsDBI Reader was developed in partnership with Koraspond, a technology firm based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cloud-based version was subsequently introduced to support reading on larger screens and web-enabled devices.

The latest enhancements of the Reader offer a more convenient experience to users for accessing the Institute’s growing collection of publications and knowledge products. The Reader is integrated with the IsDBI website, enabling users to purchase publications online and then download and read them on their preferred devices.

Key enhancements of the new version of the Reader include:

• A fresh, intuitive interface that improves the overall user experience
• Automatic return to the last reading position
• Seamless synchronization of annotations and reading progress across devices
• Retaining saved annotations when an ebook file is replaced
• Personal book collections for easier organization
• Full-text search within individual e-books
• Improved bookstore search and filtering
• Faster loading of downloaded ebooks
• Enhanced stability and performance

Commenting on the launch, Dr. Sami Al-Suwailem, Acting Director General of IsDBI, said: “We are delighted to introduce version 2.0 of the IsDBI Reader, which reflects our commitment to using technology to advance knowledge dissemination. The Reader provides users with an innovative and interactive environment for accessing high-quality digital resources in Islamic economics and finance.”

In his comments, Mr. Bilal Saeed, Founder and CEO of Koraspond, said: “We are proud to partner with the IsDB Institute in delivering the next-generation digital reading experience for its global audience. The enhanced IsDBI Reader combines powerful reading capabilities to make knowledge more accessible and engaging across devices. This release reflects our shared commitment to leveraging technology to advance learning and knowledge dissemination.”

The IsDBI Reader has been integrated with the IsDB Group Digital Library, scheduled for launch soon, thereby offering the Library users seamless discovery and reading experience.

The enhanced IsDBI Reader marks another milestone in the IsDB Institute’s digital transformation, using technology and strategic partnerships to broaden access to knowledge and support learning and sustainable development across Member Countries and beyond.

Access the IsDBI Reader:

• Cloud Reader: https://read.IsDBInstitute.org/
• iOS App: https://apo-opa.co/4xXGrvW
• Android App: https://apo-opa.co/4xmj3qV

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Islamic Development Bank Institute (IsDBI).

About the IsDB Institute:
The Islamic Development Bank Institute (IsDBI) is the knowledge beacon of the Islamic Development Bank Group. Guided by the principles of Islamic economics and finance, the IsDB Institute leads the development of innovative knowledge-based solutions to support the sustainable economic advancement of IsDB Member Countries and various Muslim communities worldwide. The IsDB Institute enables economic development through pioneering research, human capital development, and knowledge creation, dissemination, and management. The Institute leads initiatives to enable Islamic finance ecosystems, ultimately helping Member Countries achieve their development objectives. For more information, please visit: https://IsDBInstitute.org/

About Koraspond:
Koraspond is a Saudi-based technology and digital solutions company with 13+ years of market experience, supporting more than 100 brands and organizations across diverse sectors. We design, develop and manage digital solutions that help organizations modernize operations, improve customer experiences and scale their digital capabilities. Our technology services include web and mobile application development, enterprise platforms, AI-powered solutions, automation, system integrations, data and analytics solutions, digital experience platforms, e-commerce solutions, wayfinding technologies and technology consulting. Alongside our core technology capabilities, Koraspond provides complementary expertise in performance marketing, social media, creative design, content production, media, PR, events, exhibitions and brand activations. This integrated model enables us to support clients from strategy and solution design through development, implementation, digital growth and ongoing optimization. With a strong understanding of the Saudi market, Koraspond combines technology, business strategy and digital experience to deliver practical, scalable solutions aligned with business objectives and measurable outcomes.

For more information, please visit: www.Koraspond.com/

Source: APO

The Office of the Auditor General (OAG) can only audit 4,500 out of 16,000 entities that fall within its mandate because of resource constraints, MPs have been told.

The revelation was made during a meeting with officials from the OAG and MPs on the Budget Committee chaired by Hon. Amos Kankunda, on Tuesday, 15 September 2026.

During the meeting, Assistant Auditor General, James Bantu, calmed the committee members, with assurances that they audit recoverable costs claimed by oil companies, amid concerns that the US$3.1 billion in claimed costs could significantly reduce Uganda’s future petroleum revenues.

“The Office of the Auditor General undertakes audits of the recoverable costs that are incurred by the companies contracted down in the Albertine,” Bantu said.

His assurance came after committee members questioned whether the Auditor General’s biannual audits of the Petroleum Fund also cover the costs being accumulated by oil companies and whether sufficient safeguards exist to prevent companies from inflating claims.

The issue was raised by Hon. Gyaviira Ssebina Lubowa, (NUP, Nyendo-Mukungwe Division) who pointed to a sharp increase in the recoverable cost figure reported by government.

Lubowa said the finance ministry had recently presented recoverable costs of about US$3.1 billion, compared with an earlier figure of about US$935 million that had remained largely unchanged in previous reports.

He asked the Auditor General to explain whether the figure had been audited and what it comprised.

Kankunda pressed Bantu for an explicit assurance, saying the committee needed confidence that Uganda’s petroleum revenues would not be eroded by costs that may not be genuine.

“I would like you to put it on record how frequent do you audit them,” Kankunda said, asking the Auditor General to assure the committee that petroleum revenues would be protected from potentially inflated costs.

Bantu said oil companies submit annual cost compilations which the Auditor General reviews against existing laws and the contractual arrangements governing petroleum operations.

He explained that recoverable costs represent expenditure incurred by companies during exploration and drilling, which they expect to recover once petroleum revenues begin flowing.

The Auditor General’s assurance comes as Parliament scrutinises Uganda’s fiscal framework ahead of expected petroleum production and amid growing concern about how much of the country’s future oil revenue will remain available to the national budget after allowable costs are recovered.

Hon. Lubowa noted that the US$3.1 billion recoverable cost figure translates into more than Shs11 trillion, while Uganda’s projected oil contribution to the national budget for the current financial year is only about Shs1.4 trillion.

He asked the Auditor General to provide Parliament with its audit reports showing how the US$3.1 billion figure had been arrived at and what it contains.

The committee’s wider engagement with the Auditor General focused on whether Uganda’s Charter of Fiscal Responsibility can be effectively audited and whether Parliament receives sufficient information to track government performance against its fiscal commitments.

Bantu told the committee that all five objectives in the Charter including public debt, debt servicing, fiscal balance, expenditure and petroleum management are auditable and have already featured in previous audits.

He said the Auditor General’s office has been re-computing fiscal indicators under previous Charters through audits of Treasury operations, government consolidated accounts and the Petroleum Fund.

Kankunda subsequently asked whether the Auditor General could produce an annual consolidated assessment showing government’s performance against each of the five objectives, including deviations and recommendations.

Bantu said the proposal was reasonable and that his office would consider producing a consolidated report on government’s compliance with the Charter, similar to thematic reports it has previously issued on areas such as domestic arrears, budget performance and the Parish Development Model.

“We can also issue a report summarising how government has performed in regard to the pronouncements in the Charter,” Bantu said.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Parliament of the Republic of Uganda.